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The interwar years - 1919-1939 - Part 1 (Treaty of Versailles terms…
The interwar years - 1919-1939 - Part 1
The big three
Georges Clemenceau - The tiger
France suffered deeply in the war and no longer wanted Germany to be a threat to them or there borders.
He hated Germany and wanted them severely punished.
His main aim was to get some of Germanies land and break it up into small states so it could never be a threat again.
He was quite happy with the treaty as he got Alsace Lorraine back and it was harsh.
David Lloyd George - The wizard
Britain suffered more damage than the USA but less than France, Germany was a threat but not that huge.
They didn't like Germany but wanted to stop conflict so they were in the middle.
His main aim was to destroy Germanies navy but to keep trading with them.
He felt the treaty was a little harsh but overall he was ok with it.
Woodrow Wilson - The proffesor
The USA only suffered minor damage in the war as they joined quite late on. Germany was not a direct threat as it was far away.
He didn't want Germany punished to hard.
He wanted to put in place his 14 points and encourage self-determination.
He was not happy with the treaty and felt it was to harsh and would lead to another war.
Treaty of Versailles terms
German land
Germany lost there overseas empires. They weren't allowed to form an alliance with Austria and lost 10% of there land.
German arms
There army was restricted to 100,000. They had no armed vehicles, submarines or aircraft's. They had 6 battleships and the Rhine land was demilitarized
Reparations
They had to pay 6.6 billion in reparations.
League of nations
Germany was not allowed to join the league until they proved they were a peace loving country.
War guilt
They had to accept all blame for starting the war.
Germanies reaction to the treaty
They lost 12.5% of there population and 16% of there industrial land.
An army of 100,000 was tiny for a country of there size and they were plummeted into debt.
In 1923, there was major hyperinflation and strikes throughout in 1920 Berlin.
The Ruhr was taken over and unemployment was huge, many people feel the treaty was the leading cause of WW2.
The other treaties . . .
St Germain - Austria 1919
They lost large amounts of land, e.g. Austro-Hungary, Poland and Czechoslovakia became independent countries.
There was never a set price as Austria was bankrupt.
They were allowed only 30,000 volunteers and couldn't have a navy.
Trianon - Hungary 1920
Austro-Hungary was split and Romania and Yugoslavia were formed.
200 million gold crowns were expected but never paid.
Army of 350,000 volunteers.
The other treaties . . .
Neuilly - Bulgaria 1919
They were allowed only 20,000 volunteers.
They lost some land but no new countries were formed.
They paid 2.25 billion francs.
Sevres - Turkey 1920
They lost land and Armenia became a new country.
There were no reparations set
There were 50,000 men army, 7 sail boats and 6 torpedo boats.