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Working at Height (Controls for scaffolding (Brickguards, Debris netting,…
Working at Height
Controls for scaffolding
Brickguards
Debris netting
Guardrails
Suitable ties & bracing
Toe-boards
Warning signs
Fully boarded
Pre-use & periodic inspections
Kept clear of any overhead hazards
Erected / assembled by competent persons
Outriggers in place
Stable, level ground
Sufficient lighting
Safe working practices for ladders
Extend ladder 1m above platform being accessed
Tie securely near the top
Position on firm level surface at 75 degrees
Foot the ladder
Do not place ladders on fragile surfaces
Use both hands to grip ladder when ascending or descending
Do not use painted ladders (which hide defects)
Only allow one person on the ladder at a time
Inspect before use
Reasons for scaffold collapse
Poor ground conditions
Adverse weather
Uneven distribution of loads
Insufficient or appropriate ties
Overloading
Incompatible components
Incorrect design
Collision from vehicles
Incorrect assembly
Safe working practices for mobile tower scaffold
Outriggers or stabilisers in place
Wheels locked
Ratio of height to base dimensions appropriate
Internal ladder to access working platform
Assembled by competent persons
Kept clear of overhead hazards
Assembled on stable, level ground
Pre-use & periodic inspections
Wind limit 28mph no person to be on tower. 40mph and the tower has to be either dissembled or tied up
Factors affecting risk when working at height
Number of people involved
Need to carry equipment
Distance of potential fall
Persons working or moving below
Duration of work at height
Weather conditions
Frequency of work at height
Effectiveness of existing controls
Precautions to prevent falls & falling materials
Working platforms kept free of slip & trip hazards
Guardrails at waist height
Working platforms constructed to prevent any object falling through gaps
Toe boards at foot level
Avoid working in adverse weather conditions
Ladder hoops
Proper planning & supervision of work
Roof ladders (crawling boards)
Emergency rescue of workers at height
Identify a point of safety to move the casualty to
Ensure personnel involved in rescue procedures are competent
Identify escape routes (for e.g. on scaffolding)
Carry out the rescue in a controlled manner
Request medical assisstance
Make sure communication is maintained at all times
Assess the situation before commencing a rescue operation
Monitor the casualty's condition at all times
Components of an independent tied scaffold
Ledger - a tube spanning horizontally & tying the scaffold longitudinally
Putlog - a tube with a flattened end, spanning from a horizontal member to a bearing on a brick wall
Guardrail - a member incorporated into structure to prevent falling
Standard - a vertical supporting member
Brace - a tube fixed diagonally across two or more members for stability
Tie - a member used for fixing the scaffold to the building or other structure for stability
Base plate - distributes load from a standard
Transom - a tube spanning across ledgers to ties a scaffold transversely
Safe working practices for mobile elevating work platform (MEWP)
Tyres correctly inflated
Area around MEWP cordoned off
Wheels locked
Adequate lighting
Competent trained workers
Outriggers fully extended - spiders if applicable
Assembled on stable, level ground
Sufficient distance from obstructions such as overhead power lines
Prevention of falling materials through safe storage
No overloading of storage racking
Appropriate warning signs
Clearly segregated areas for different types of material
Good levels of lighting
Correct storage principles - heavy materials at bottom, lighter at top
Adequate manoeuvring space for handling equipment (e.g. forklifts)
Suitable racking systems taking into account materials to be stored
Storage areas clearly defined
Contents of an inspection report
Description of work equipment / design
Details of any matter that could affect the health & safety of persons
Location of work equipment
Details of any further action considered necessary
Date & time of inspection
Name & position of the person making the report
Name & address of person for whom the inspection is carried out
Hazards associated with working at height
Unprotected edges
Unstable/poorly maintained access equipment
Deterioration of materials
Weather
Roofs (fragile, sloping)
Falling materials
Safe working practices for trestles & staging platforms
Locking pins properly in place
Guardrails & toe-boards
Each trestle positioned at an interval of 1.5m allowing adequate supports of boards
Free from trip hazards
On soft ground, stand equipment on boards to stop sinking
Set up equipment on a firm, level, nonslip surface
Prevention of falling materials through safe stacking
Stack on firm, level ground (concrete surface)
Avoid stacking on slopes
Maximum stack height specified in safe system of work & not exceeded
Stack on pallets for increased stability
Each stack should be composed of one type of material only (not mixed)
Shrink wrap material
Methods of avoiding working at height
Use long-handles tools from ground level
Carry out inspections from ground level using CCTV
Design out the need to work at height
Fabricate items at ground level before lifting into place
Safe working practices for stepladders
Do not use top step as a working platform
Avoid top three steps to ensure stability
Fully extend (lock out)
Do not over-reach (re-position the ladder instead)
Inspection requirements for access equipment
Periodically (e.g. daily, weekly, every 7 days)
After any substantial alteration
When equipment erected for the first time in a particular location
After any event which could have affected stability
Hierarchy of controls for working at height
Prevent falls (e.g. crawling boards)
Minimise the consequence of a fall (e.g. safety nets)
Avoid working at height (e.g. drones)
Minimising the distance & consequence of a fall
Collective protective systems (air bags, safety nets)
Training & instruction on how to use personal protective systems
Personal protective systems (fall arrest harnesses)
Safe working practices for leading edge protection
Fall arrest harness systems with close supervision
Use of nets strong enough to handle the weight of people
Guardrails & toeboards