Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
RESEARCH METHODS (VARIABLES: (independent variable: variable manipulated…
RESEARCH METHODS
VARIABLES:
-
-
-
confounding variables: a variable other than the IV that has a systematic effect on the value of the DV.
TYPES OF DATA:
qualitative data: refers to characteristics e.g. happy, easy etc.
-
-
-
SAMPLING:
Random Sampling:
- every member of the population has an equal chance of selection.
- eg. random number generator.
STRENGTHS:
- gives representative sample - participant variables spread in same proportion as in population.
WEAKNESSES:
- difficult to achieve - the larger the population, the harder it is to list all individuals.
STRENGTHS:
- eliminates the effect of the variable on which the sample is stratified.
WEAKENSSES:
- time consuming; expensive
Convenience Sampling:
- picking whoever is available at the time.
STRENGTHS:
- quick, easy, cheap - this is the most common method of sampling.
-
PARTICIPANT ALLOCATION:
-
-
RANDOM ALLOCATION:
- all participants who have been selected for an experiment (the sample) have an equal chance of being in the E-group or the C-group.
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS:
REPEATED MEASURES DESIGN:
- each participant is part of both the E-group and the C-group.
- a method of overcoming order effects is counterbalancing - half of the participants do IV then DV and other half do DV then IV.
ADV:
- confounds caused by participant variables are eliminated.
- possible to use fewer participants.
DIS:
- Repeated measures design takes a long time, therefore drop-outs are likely
- order effects: participants may perform better when doing the task a second time or they might do worse because of fatigue or boredom.
MATCHED PARTICIPANTS DESIGN:
- a researcher identifies a variable that is a likely confound, and eliminates the effects of the variable by ranking participants in accordance with their scores on the variable and then allocated to a specific group.
- eg. ranking by IQ. Top IQ participants are split, 2nd Top are split etc.
ADV:
- the procedure can be done at once and therefore drop outs are unlikely.
DIS:
- the procedure needs a large number of participants to ensure that the spread of participant variables in the sample will match the spread in the population.
INDEPENDANT GROUPS DESIGN:
- allocates participants to the C-group or E-group at random.
ADV:
- can be done at once and drop outs are unlikely.
DIS:
- the procedure needs a large number of participants to ensure the spread of participant variables in the sample will match the spread in the population.
-
SCIENTIFIC METHOD:
- identify area of research
- collect information
- identify the research question and formulate a hypothesis.
- design a research method
- collect and analyse the data
- draw a conclusion
7 report findings
8 test the conclusion.