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The CNS, Neurotransmitters and Hormones (Structure of a neuron (Myelin…
The CNS, Neurotransmitters and Hormones
CNS
- Made up of the brain and spinal cord
- Nerves send information via the spinal cord to the brain, where the information is sent to the body through the spinal cord
- Neurons in the brain pass messages through electrical impulses (neurotransmitters)
- Released and cross the synaptic gap to be picked up by receptor sites
Neurotransmitters
- Chemical messages that act between neurons in the brain, allows it to process thoughts and memories
- The nervous system contains neurons and glia (cells carry out repairs/remove waste products from the brain)
- Receptors can be thought of as locks, and neurotransmitters as keys, if they fit then the message is passed on
- This is how manufactured drugs work (mimicking neurotransmitters)
- Any neurotransmitters that aren't absorbed by the receptors of the postsynaptic neutron are destroyed by enzymes or absorbed again by the presynaptic neuron (reuptake)
Common neurotransmitters
Dopamine
- Feelings of pleasure
- Addiction
- Drugs blocking dopamine receptors seem to help reduce schizophrenia symptoms
Serotonin
- Well-being and happiness
- Helps sleep cycle and digestive system regulation
- Affected by exercise
- Can reduce depression
Noradrenaline
- Produces attention
- "fight or flight" response
- ADHD sufferers benefit from noradrenaline prescriptions
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Structure of a neuron
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Dendrites contain tiny sacs called vesicles which store neurotransmitters for the next stage of transmission
