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HOW DID INDUSTRY CHANGE THE WORLD? (LIFE IN NEW CITIES (Thousands of new…
HOW DID INDUSTRY CHANGE THE WORLD?
LIFE IN NEW CITIES
Thousands of new houses were built (many to make profits)
Houses were built close together and the cheapest materials were used
Houses were damp, dark and unhealthy
Running water, toilets and windows were rare
Water supplies often polluted
Sewerage left in the street to rot
Air was polluted with unhealthy factory smoke
Centre of crime and often unemployment
Diseases spread quickly (cholera, typhoid)
But it was easy to reach the countryside
Public parks, libraries and sports fields were built
Working class formed
Many city dwellers saw themselves freer than rural workers (shorter hours, work away from home/farm)
CHILD LABOUR
Before industrial revolution, children began working (farming, hunting, house work) at a young age
There was no public education system
As factories and mines became larger and more widespread, there were more opportunities for children to work
Children could crawl into spaces too small for adults and their hands fitted into gaps
Children worked as: messengers, newspaper sellers, domestic servants
Some children were forced to work to pay off their parents debts
Child labour declined. Various laws limited working hours. Factories Act set a 10 hours working day limit
As technology improved, there was a need for an educated workforce which lead to public schooling
Some thought that schools were a bad idea; educated workers would want higher pay
Later the government provided funding.
Schools were expected to instill: discipline, order, respect (qualities seen as essential)
It was hoped that good morals would then reduce the cost of prisons and a police force