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Endocrine (PTH (Effects of PTH (Kidney (Active resorption of calcium and…
Endocrine
PTH
- Secreted by chief cells Parathyroid gland
- Increase serum calcium conc
- Stimulation PTH receptors in kidney & bone
Effects of PTH
Kidney
Active resorption of calcium and magnesium, distal convulated tubule: decrease reabsorption of phosphate
Intestine via kidney
Increase intestinal calcium absorption, increasing activated vit D. Activated vit D increases calcium absorption
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- PTH increase actiuvity of 1-alpha hydroxylase enzyme: converts 25- hydroxychoecalciferol to 1,25-dihydroxyxholecalciferol (active form of Vit D)
- Osteoclasts have no PTH receptors
Thyroid hormones
- Increase basal metabolic rate, affects transcription modulators
- Hormones needed for growth and development
- Stimulate NAK pump, increasing uptake and catabolism of glucose and amino acids
- Increase chol breakdown and LDL receptors
- Increase gut motility + glucose absorption
- Increase hepatic glycogenolysis
- Potentiation of insulin's effect in liver and muscle for glucose uptake
- Breaking down of insulin. prevent glucose storage
- More oxygen transport
- Increase cardiac contractility
Maintain hypoxic and hypercapnic drive
- Protein turnover
- Metabolic turnover of drugs and hormones and bone
Food
Leptin
- adipose tissue: acts on satiety centres in hypothalamus and decreases appetite
- Stimulates release of melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) and corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH)
- Low levels of leptin stimulate stimulates release of nueropeptide Y (NPY)
Ghrelin
- Produced by P/D1 cells lining of fundus and epilson cells (pancreas)
Cortisol
- Glucocorticoid
- Zona FASICULATA (adrenal gland)
- 90% protein bound: 10% active
- Circadian rhythm: high in the morning
- Negative feedback via ACTH
- Glycogenolysis
- Gluconeogenesis
- Protein catabolism
- Lipolysis
- Stress repsosne
- Anti-inflam
- Decrease protein in bones
- Increase gastric acid
- Increae neutrophils/platelts/ RBC
- Inhibits fibroblastic activity
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