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PSC (HAZARDS (Not wearing goggles, Books on table, Group: all very close…
PSC
HAZARDS
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Group: all very close together, could spill/knock each other and things around them
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Unsupervised chemicals: could be dangerous chemicals, knocked over
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Boxes: in the way of a door, somebody could knock them over (they say fragile as well)
Out of reach: burette is tall and out of reach, could easily spill
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Tube balancing: It could tip over and spill, filled too much
Split liquid: somebody could slip on it, could be a dangerous chemical
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LIQUIDS
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Apparatus that can be used: pipette, burette, beaker, measuring cylinder
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Liquid curves upwards at the edges in the apparatus. This is called the meniscus. Always read from the bottom of the meniscus
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WHAT APPARATUS TO USE
Beaker - large volume, only if rough volume is required
Measuring cylinder - more accurate than beaker, used for large volumes which don't have to be exact
Pipette - smaller volumes, exact quantities needed, only measures one volume
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HOW TO USE A PIPETTE
Never blow the last drops of liquid out of the pipette, this will make your volume inaccurate
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Now transfer the pipette to the container you want the liquid in and release your index finger from the end of the pipette
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Release some of the liquid slowly by twisting the pipette between your middle finger and your thumb. whilst your index finger is still on the top
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Temperature - thermometer, degrees Celsius (C)
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Length - ruler, calipers meter (m) centimeter (cm) millimeter (mm)
Volume of a solid - irregular: measuring cylinder
regular (block, triangular prism, cylinder): ruler and formula
Small: cm3
Large: m3 #
Volume of liquids - beaker, measuring cylinder, pipette, burette litres (l) milliters (ml) (1cm3 = 1ml)
HEATING SUBSTANCES
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ALWAYS REMEMBER
Heat the test tube at an angle (flame then covers a bigger area, if eplodes it'll explode to the side
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When not using your burner leave it on a yellow flame as it is not as hot and vigorous, therefore less dangerous
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