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Mental health (RISK determinants (Biological determinants (body weight.…
Mental health
RISK determinants
Biological determinants
body weight. Links have been established between mental illness and obesity (AIHW 1998). Although no definitive relationship has been established, obesity could develop if the person is eating in response to depressive symptoms, or depression could develop as a result of low self-esteem due to obesity.
genetic predisposition. People with mental illness in the family are more likely to develop mental illness at some stage in their lives.
chemical imbalance. Chemicals in the brain assist in controlling mood. Research suggests that a deficiency in some of these chemicals, particularly the ‘happy chemical’ serotonin, may contribute to depression.
Behavioural determinants
tobacco use. Smokers are more likely to have mental health problems (AIHW 1998). Although there is no conclusive evidence regarding the causal effect between smoking and mental illness, it has been suggested that people experiencing mental health problems in their youth may be more likely to take up smoking.
physical activity. Physical activity releases hormone-type chemicals called endorphins that relieve stress and assist in maintaining optimal mental health. People who exercise may therefore be at a decreased risk of developing mental illness.
drug misuse. People abusing drugs have higher rates of mental illness. Many substances alter the chemical make-up in the brain, which can trigger a range of mental illnesses. There is a relationship between mental illness and marijuana use, although the causal nature of the relationship is not understood.
Social determimants
socioeconomic status. People in lower socioeconomic status groups have higher rates of mental illness. This could be attributed to a range of associated factors such as higher rates of obesity, higher rates of smoking, alcohol and substance misuse, poorer quality housing, poverty, lack of security and feeling that they lack control over their lives.
stress. Prolonged stress increases the risk of depression. Those experiencing severe stress may lack the coping skills to prevent mental illness.
early life experiences. Loss of a parent, divorce or adverse parenting styles (including lack of affection and abuse) may act as a trigger for mental illness.
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Definition
Mental Health refers to promoting a state of wellbeing in
which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the stresses of life, can work productively and
fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her
community
Depression results in feeling sadness and hopelessness. Loss of interest in an activity and reduced capacity to
function over an extended period of time.
Anxiety: Feelings of worry and nervousness when faced with a threat, danger and stressful situation. Cause an increased heart rate and short of breath. Range of anxiety disorders include: Phobias, Panic disorders, Obsessive compulsive disorders (OCD)
Reasons why NHPA?
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Prevention and treatment strategies, such as medication and therapy, can be extremely effective in managing the condition
Mental health problems have a relationship to other risk factors (such as alcohol and drug misuse), poorer health and higher rates of death
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