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national unity Qs (assess view newly-independent st8s' policies…
national unity Qs
assess view newly-independent st8s' policies towards minorities major cause of political instability
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stance: policies that r majro cause of political instabiity r those generallty promoting assimilation under a dominant culture
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indicators of political stability: resentment, protests, riots, separatism, collapse/change in govt
assess view education more mpt than language & religion in helping cr8 national identity in newly-independent st8s
Indonesia
various ethnic languages (including Javanese) can be taught till 3rd grade, subsequently, all education has to be conducted in Bahasa Indonesia
Since early 1950s, all st8 schs have to use national language, Bahasa Indonesia
M'sia
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scholarships for Malay students, special education programmes for Malays
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Thailand
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compulsory education in govt schs - imposed use of Thai language & learning of Thai hist, minorities forced to adopt Thai names & culture
Chi schs closed & Malay language & customs of deep south forbidden. non-Buddhists prohibited from serving in govt/military, many forced to convert
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SG
pluralisation & SGreanisation of tools of education: education used by govt cr8 shared values, beliefs & behavioural standards, particularly common commitment to multiculturalism & foster SGrean identity by exposing young to varied experiences of different ethnic grps while highlighting distinct SGrean ethnic experiences
textbooks produced locally in accordance w MOE guidelines, published in 4 official languages & SGreanising & pluralising content. founding fathers cited textbooks drawn from 4 main ethnic grps
bilingual education policy, formally adopted in 1966: relied on SG govt to foster racial harmony & integration. learning of & thru EL & 2nd language education according to prescribed MT is vital component of multiculturalism approach
Burma
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since 1962, all schs nationalised & educational standards began to fall
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stance: not more mpt, rather tgt w language & religion reinforce idea of collective national identity. 3 aspects complement each other.
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