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ENVM3115 Lecture 1 part 3 (records on climate (geological formations,…
ENVM3115 Lecture 1 part 3
records on climate
geological formations
floods and deposition
air trapped in ice pores
fossils in area in sediments and coal beds
ice moraines and eratics
pollen deposits in lake
tree rings
spring thaw varves - melt water has different depositions f course and fine material
caution as earth was aranged differently with different atmospheric and oceanic conditions
Humans
climate change led to green arabia leading to migration
5 million hunter gathere 11650
since end of last iceage stable climate 14.C global average - allowed build up of civilisation
Industrial revolution
Recent climate event Laurentide ice sheet damed by ice flooded into the north Atlantic disrupting the warm circulation Yonger Dryas
Medieval warm little iceage
climate system
Energy drives climated
positive amplifies effect
Events exchange of matter and or energy between open systems fast or slow onset - such as energy and matter transferred by a storm
earth system feature circulation and couple oscillations
tempratur gone up 14 to 15 anual vaverage
Carbon cycle
store
atmospheric
lifeforms includong shells
dissolved in water
frozen carbon permafrost and methane hydrates in deep ocean sediments
fossil carbon
carbonate rocks
Earth response system
moving carbon from a short term to a long term storage
human contrivutions
fossil fuels deforestation and cement making
enahced greenhouse effect
Effects
Reigonal climate regime shifts species move pole ward
mobile species can adapt non mobile species struggle
more ossible in more land northern hemisphere
more extreme energetic events storms heat waves and floods
sea level rise
Glaciers reaching the sea can be trapped by rock lip but can overcome this with water lubrication
and thermal expansion
ocean acidification
dissolves calcium carbonae bad for coral and shell fish
Climate sensitivity
how much warming will result from a warming of 2x to 550ppm
transient sensativity wahtat can we see now
equilibrium cliamte sensativity when will it stop when all the feedback loops are stabilised
Consequences for Earthlings
our civ has developed at the 14 to15 degrees 280ppm
Conflicts about resources food and water droughts
changes
risk to life and property
sea level rise
human migration poses a security issue
Prime agricultural land moves towards poles changing food growing and living patterns
Ecological Changes and disruptions
moving
signs of plasticity
Mitigation
market inteventions tax incentives
renewable energy
transitional fuels CSG
Clean energy 4th gen nuclear clean coal
Clean coal is a long way off nuclear high emmisions from construction none frome use
reduce demand energy efficienty and managment
carbon capture storage coal not biochar bio sequastion
geoengineering
Reflect incoming radiation aerosols and cloud enhancement
remove co2 from atmospjere oceane fertilisation adn air scrubbing
Adaptation
reactive response Prepare - respond - recover
proactive
Risk vulnerability assessment
risk = likeliehood x severity
vulnrability (exposure+sensativity) - adaptive capacity
adaptive interventions policies that seek to reduce exposure and sensitivity and improve adaptive capacity
Build resilience
sound governance
healthy natural environments
robust and functioning communities and networks
educate