science-rates of reaction

the rate of reaction can be increased by

increasing the surface area

increasing the temperature

increasing the concentration of reactants

using a catalyst

lowers the activation energy

can also slow down reactions

endothermic

exothermic

cools down

takes heat from surroundings

heats up

gives out heat to surroundings

exit

combustion

most common

Collison theory

the more particles collide, there will be a greater rate of reaction

defines rate of reaction #

energy is needed to break covalent bonds

breaking bonds is endothermic

energy is released when new covalent bonds are made

making bonds is exothermic

the energy of the products is less than the energy of the reactants

the energy of the products is greater than the energy of the reactants

reversible reactions

Expressed in the form of A+B↔C+D

Top arrow represents forward reaction

bottom arrow represents backwards reaction

equilibrium

forward arrow matched backwards arrow #

no effect on the position of equilibrium but makes the reactants reach it faster