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INTERACTION (Endocrine system: made up of endocrine glands that release…
INTERACTION
Endocrine system
: made up of endocrine glands that release hormones directly to the bloodstream
Hormones
are organic molecules made up of an assorted chemical composition which act on specific cells called
target cells
.
Hormones
stimulate target cells to coordinate, control and regulate different organs.
The
hypothalamus
links the nervous system with the endocrine system. It produces hormones that control the
hypophysis (or pituitary gland)
to make other hormones.
Hormones are secreted in small quantities and their production is controlled by feedback mechanisms.
Endocrine
glands
Hypophysis
Stimulating hormones
(activate other glands).
Growth hormone
(promotes a lengthening of the bones and growth in general).
Pancreas
Insulin
(stimulates the utilisation of glucose by muscles and tissues).
Glucagon
(stimulates the conversion of glycogen to glucose).
Parathyroid glands
Parathyroid hormone
(regulates the amount of calcium and phosphorus in the blood)
Thyroid gland
Thyrosine
(stimulates metabolism)
Adrenal glands
Adrenaline
(prepares the body to work)
Testicles
Androgens
(produce and maintain male sexual traits).
Ovaries
Estrogens
(produce and maintain female sexual traits).
Progesterone
(allows the embryo to be implanted in the uterus).
Nervous system:
transmit the information
Neuron
:
most cells specialise
Made up
Axon
: long extension made u of cytoplasm / carry nerve impulses
Dendrites
: short branched extensions of the cell body that receive nerve impulses from other neurons
Cell body
: nucleus and organelles
Functions
Motor neurons
: transmit the signals from the nerve centres to the effector organs
Interneurons
: connect the sensory neurons to the motor neurons (brain and spinal cord)
Sensory neurons
: transmit information from receptors to the most important nerve centres
Electric signals
Nerve impulses
: generated and transmitted by neurons. When a neuron is stimulated, some electrical changes originate in the membrane and these transmit the electric signal from the dendrites towards the axon.
Synapse
: connections between neurons
Synaptic cleft
: the gap between neurons
Neurotransmitters
: are substances collected in the small vesicles at the end of the axon. They are released to the synaptic clef when the nerve impulse reach the end of the axon and the vesicle breaks up
Functions
Interprets the information and prepares adequate responses
Transfers the necessary signals to the effectors organs
Receives information transmitted by the sensory organs
Coordinates all the organs
Carries out intellectual and mental functions
Responsible for emotions and feelings