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Overview GI (Regions and functions (Jejenum (Water and electrolyte…
Overview GI
Regions and functions
Jejenum
- Water and electrolyte trasnport
Ileum
- Bile sale and vit B12 transport
Duodenum
- Fat, protein, carb digestion and absorption, Ca2+/Fe2+
Colon
- Storage
- Water and electrolyte trasnport
Stomach
- Storage, H+/peptic digestion + intrinsic factors
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Synthesis/ Secretions
Exocrine pancreas
- Proteases
- Lipase
- Amylase
- HCO3-
- Water
Liver
- Bile salt synthesis
- Bile secretion
Salivary gland
- Amylase
- Mucus
- Water
- Electrolytes
Gall bladder
- Storage and concentration of bile
Gut wall
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Muscularis Propria
- Circular muscle
- Myenteric plexus
- Longitudinal muscle
Mucosa
- Epithelium
- Lamina propria
- muscularis mucosa
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Physiological control
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Neural
Intrinsic
- Myenteric and submucosal nerve plexuses
Extrinsic
- Afferent and efferent nerves
- Vagal and splanchnic trunks (ANS)
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Major hormones Gut
Upper small intestine
- Gastric inhibitory peptide
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Extrinsic innervation
- Top end and bottom end- skeletal muscle: Voluntary control:
- Swallow
- Defecate
- HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE
- PUDENDAL NERVE
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Digestion
- Breakdown of food into form suitable for absorption and transport processes
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- Nerves from CNS to gut via parasympthateic efference connecting to muscle via post ganglionic adrenergic/cholinergic fibers to relax or stimulate muscle
- Myenteric plexus: innervates through circular muscle to form submucosal plexus connects face of epithelium: gut tube: recognises what goes on in there
- Info relayed sensory neurons down pathways through visceral afferents feeding back via gut wall to ANS: Gut to brain and brain to gut