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Evaluate the characteristics of effective leadership & methods to…

- - - - managers do things right, leaders do the right thing. Managers ask how/when. Leaders what/why
      - bit condescending managers - surrender to status quo, copies
    - - leaders positively motivate and inspire. Management make people capable
    - - management about process. leadership future focus, opportunities, and exploiting. empowerment and bringing people along. about behaviour not attributes.
  - - - some styles do not cross over cultures.
      - not adaptable to enviro / today's manager doesn't get the best being authoritarian and could be seen as bully
      - gender traits
        
        hofstede 1991 diversity issues - gender - language for ceo
        
        female - caring, liking what you do, less competitive
        
        asian -/ japanese norm - competition
      - Yet some assessment centres and online tests use strength based abilities. Better to select not to develop
      - charismatic not only transformational.
      - characteristics - charm, presence, vision, inspiration, credibility, empathy, decisiveness
      - Current thinking - intelligence, self confidence, driven, integrity, sociability
  - - - avolio 200
    - - narrow study - public sector. differences between uk/ usaleadership and culture
  - - - decision quality on performance and decision acceptance on motivation commitment
    - - vecchio 1987 - studied classrooms and found only appropriate when leading immature teachers.
      - not easy to change at will - need psychology training
  - - - CMI - timeless, fits across culture and organsation. however considered outdated with todays flat structures, too authoritarian, impact on empowerment and innovation,
      - doesn't say about type leadership needed for situation
      - effect of leaders on performance
        
        ohio 1940s - 2 groups of behaviour - task and people oriented leaders. procedures / control vs coaching /encouraging
        
        michigan 1950s - as above but also participative leadership. Democratic style
        
        Not always time to be democratic or people orientated. Also task focus might not align to workforce - simple tasks - authoritarian? also little about strategic leadership
      - not about trait but behaviours - how it is being led.
      - people can't agree the traits and what if you don't have them
      - task - plan - brief team - control - evaluate - motivate - organise - role model
      - Scouller 2011 - doesn't suit all situations
  - - - Criticism - soft approach, goal conflict. unsuited competitive/crisis enviro. cannot always be open or persuasive, also not suited in downturn. keep private life private.