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The role of music in development. (Auditory ability - music lessons (Music…

- - - - rate each other as more likeable (Hove & Risen, 2009)
      - They're also more memorable Macrae, Duffy, Miles, & Lawrence,
        2008; Valdesolo, Ouyang, & DeSteno, 2010; Woolhouse, Tidhar & Cross, 2016) -> All this is from Cirelli Wan & trainor, 2016
    - - Bouncing!
        
        Also transfers (Cirelli, Wan, Trainor, 2016) to associate of bouncing partner
- - - - Infants stared at monitor for longer when it had ID (Werker, McLeod 1989)
      - Pitch contour varies depending on purpose of ID - ie rises when trying to get attention, rising-falling when maintaining interest (Stern, Spieker, Mackain, 1982)
      - More positive affect (mood-joy, interest, alertness) while watching ID tape (Werker & McLeod 1989)
    - - Word segmentation (Thiessen, Hill, Saffran, 2005) http://www.musikochsprak.se/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Thiessen-Hil-Saffran-2005-Infant-Directed-Speech-Facilitates.pdf
        
        Words aren't separated by pauses
      - Faster word learning b/c new word usually presented at end of ID (Fernald & Cummings 2003)
    - - ID speech has wider pitch range than AD speech
- - - - Used Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third edition
        
        Measures cognitive tasks (verbal mem, spatial-temporal, mathematical reasoning)
      - Results: 36 weeks of keyboard/voice lessons -> this group showed higher IQ increase
        
        Could be due to far transfer - transfering between domains that aren't very common (music & IQ), also school subjects & critical thinking.