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Fractures (Septic arthritis (Causes (Immunocompromise, Infection from…

- - - - Compression/ stretching of nerve
      - Self-limiting <28 days
      - Full recovery
    - - Sustained compression/ stretching
      - Wallerian degeneration
        
        Death of axons distal to point of injury to nerve
        
        Regeneration 1mm/day
      - Partial/ full recovery
    - - Transection of nerve
      - No recovery
- - - - Inflammation
      - Haematoma stimulates angiogenesis/ erythropoeisis
      - Macrophages/ osteoclasts resorb bone ends
    - - Soft callus formation
      - Occurs within 2-3 weeks
      - Peri-fracture cartilage deposition
    - - Hard callus forrmation
      - 6-12 weeks
      - Ossification across gap
    - - Bone remodelling
      - Returns bone to normal anatomy
      - Bone more compact
      - Complicated by smoking, malnutrition etc.
      - Hypertrophic malunion occurs with excess movement
- - - - Sprain
    - - Partial tear
    - - Complete tear