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(In Malaysia: iSHARP (Major Issues (different chemicals involved - farmers…

- - - - White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV)
    - - Harmful chemicals injected to increase the quality of the shrimp
      - Result of slow maturity and small size of shrimps due to the poor environment
    - - Ecological changes due to unplanned and rapid expansion of shrimp farming
    - - Conflicts over control of natural resources, human right violations and gender
        inequality
- - - - probiotics,
        fertilisers and pesticides
    - - poor irrigation
        system
    - - drastic
        drop in water quality
  - - - EIA-WATER TREATMENT & DISPOSAL
        
        Two-thirds of aquatic life is considered to be an endangered species because of improperly disposed chemicals and other waste
        
        The improper handling of chemical waste has resulted in oceans and the world's water supply being treated like sewage or toxic waste dumps.
        
        it's important for chemicals to be disposed of properly
      - Aquatic organism's metabolic activities
        are pH dependent
        
        affected by pH
      - Important indicator of the water quality
        and the extent of pollution in the watershed areas
      - Stressful pH : from 4.0 to 6.5 and 9.0 to 11.0
        
        Death: pH of less than 4.0 or greater than
        11.0
        
        a) High acidity in surface waters interferes the fish’ reproductive cycle where it lowers the calcium levels in female fish and she couldn't produce eggs or the eggs will fail to be fertilized where at the end fishes will die.
        
        b) High alkalinity can kill adult fish and invertebrate life directly and can also damage developing juvenile fish where it'll strip a fish of its slime coat and high pH level ‘chaps’ the skin of fish
    - - important in regulating activities of cultured shrimp
        
        depends on shrimp species
        
        chemical rate and biological reaction double every 10°C increase
        
        optimum temperature for cultured shrimp: 25-30°C
        
        Average natural temperature of mangrove forest: 22°C
        
        marine ecosystems more sensitive to temperature change
      - Mangroves forest destroyed
        
        increase surround temperature
        
        mangrove forests among the most carbon-rich habitats
    - - the best levels of dissolved oxygen for shrimp are equal or higher than 5 ppm
        
        Some symptoms of shrimp when water with dissolved oxygen is lacked
        
        Shrimp concentrates near water surface
        
        ethargic shrimp with strong respiratory rate
        
        death in shrimp
        
        Overcome the lack of oxygen in the pond
        
        Pond needs aeration
        
        Do not feed and fertilize with excess doses
        
        Change the water with other good quality water
  - - - Located in Setiu, Terengganu with an area encompassing a total of 1, 000ha.
        
        616 ponds, processing plants area and a hatchery.
      - A Fully Intergrated Aquaculture Park developed by Blue Archipelago Berhad.