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Psychology: Arousal, Stress and Anxiety (STRESS: Reaction to a…
Psychology: Arousal, Stress and Anxiety
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STRESSOR: An environmental condition, external stimulus or event that causes stress to an individual.
ANXIETY: A negative emotional state with feeling of worry, nervousness and apprehension.
- Worried and apprehensive about the competition
- Uncomfortable in the situation
- Unsure of success
Symptoms:
(Somatic Physiological)
- Sweating
- Increased Heart rate
- Dry mouth
- Fatigue
- Increased Breathing rate
- Shallow breathing
Symptoms: (Cognitive)
- Reduced Concentration
- Reduced decision making capability
- Fear of failure
- Reduced co-ordination
- Choking = dip in performance
Types of Anxiety:
- Trait: refers to the stable, innate tendency to attend to, experience and report negative emotions across many situations
Personality
Influences behaviour
- State: the temporary change in a persons emotional state due to an outside factor
Fear or negative feeling at the time of a perceived threat/demand/fear
Fluctuates during the situation and subsides following the situation
State anxiety subdivided into:
- Cognitive anxiety: the mental manifestation of anxiety, specifically negative thoughts
- Somatic anxiety: the physical manifestations of anxiety, cause a negative effect on performance
Cognitive Anxiety: Dunn (1999)
Key themes:
Fear of failure
Fear of negative evaluation
Concerns of injury
Fear of the unknown
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Somatic:
- Increased muscle tension
- Shallow breathing = reduced oxygen intake
- Decreased breathing rate
- Increased fatigue
- Reduced concentration
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Increases dramatically before competition, decreases rapidly as the athlete starts competing (24 hours)
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Negative cognitive and psychological manifestation of stress #
Anxiety and Arousal Process:
- Demand/stressor
- Cognitive: Personal interpretation
- YES: Arousal = feel ready to compete
- NO: Anxiety = do not feel ready to compete # #