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tissue engineering (architecture (summary table for the junctions…

- - - - PPK (dominant negative)-mutation in cytoskeletal proteins in desmosomes
- - - - factors
        
        minus a factor
        
        GMT
      - two reporter systems
        
        gene expression
        
        GFP
        
        lineage
        
        Rosa-LacZ + Periostin-Cre
      - screening
        
        epigenetic resetting
        
        open circle: active, demethylated
        
        closed
        
        alpha-MHC-GFP
        
        integrate with heart
        
        cTnT: function
        
        alpha-actinin, ANF
        
        Ca2+ influx
        
        action potential
        
        response to electrical simulation
      - in vivo
        
        myocardial infarction
        
        retroviral transaction
        
        express both alpha-actinin, and beta-Gal
    - - screening
        
        Tau-GFP
        
        functional synapses
        
        membrane potential properties
        
        morphology
      - factors selection
        
        one in combination with the others
        
        BAM
  - - - keratinocytes cannot
        
        no trivalent state at the E box motif
- - - - CF
        
        mutation in CFTR, deletion of three codons, intestinal organoid will not swell under Forskolin treatment
        
        Cas 9 induces a ds breaks and homology directed repair
    - - slip/deletion
    - - insertion
    - - specific binding region
      - nucleases
  - - - integrating
        
        Retrovirus
        
        RNA(dividing cells)
        
        Lentivirus
        
        RNA
        
        inadvertent activation/inactivation of genes
      - non-integrating
        
        Adenovirus
        
        dsDNA
        
        Aden-associated virus
        
        ss-DNA, low immune response, small packaging capacity tho
        
        can have directed integration with a helper virus
      - transfected packaging cell produce them, rather than inject virus directly
    - - LCA (in vivo), eye, low immune response, non-integrating AA virus, retinal cells don't divide tho, so information remain/virus injected in retina
      - ADA-SCID/BT (ex vivo), hematopoietic stem cell, retroviral transduction, refusion in bone marrow
      - PPK (ex vivo), dominate negative mutation, siRNA, stop the translation of the mRNA of mutated DNA
- - - - islet cells entrapped in matrix/ synthetic fibre/permeable membrane/biocompatible outerlayer
  - - - decellularized liver/hepatocyte/oxygen, growth factors, nutrition
    - - collagen matrix/decellularized dermis + cells + epidermal growth factor
    - - xenogeneic scaffold/smooth muscle cells/
- - - - caffeine
  - - - 4 factors from 24 genes that highly expressed in ESC
      - remove one and see the expression
        
        beta-geo-Fbx15
    - - clonies - morphology
      - karyotype
      - expression profile
      - epigenetic status
      - in vitro differentiaton
      - teratomas
      - chimeras - mice
    - - ALS
        
        causes: three familial cases/sporadic
        
        TDP-43 (axon length reduced, sensitive to stress), SOD1(sequester proteins, axonal neurofilament inclusions), C9orf72 (RNA foci)
        
        solution: investigate iPSC
        
        replace
        
        correct the gene, direct them to glial-rich neuron progenitor cells, elongate the lifespan
        
        repair
        
        gene therapy for familial cases
        
        regenerate
        
        astrocyte
        
        accumulation of TDP-43 in the cytoplasm
        
        neuron
        
        oxidative stress due to Arsenite
        
        Anacardic acid prevent death
        
        screening
        
        reduce accumulation of TDP-43
- - - - missense
        
        EB (no production of collagen VII, separation of epidermis and dermal layer)
        
        replace: cell: bone marrow transplant
        
        replace: gene: both transfer and correction
        
        SCA(production of beta-chain with hydrophobic structure)
        
        replace: cell: bone marrow/blood transfusion
        
        place: gene: correction (otherwise overdosing)
      - nonsense (stop codon)
        
        BT (mutation in several places, mutation in introns cause aberrant split, thus nonsense)
        
        replace: cell: bone marrow, blood transfusion
        
        replace: gene: transfer (too complicated to correct for)
- - - - population
      - cell level
  - - - ESC
      - ASC
        
        niche (cellular/non-cellular)
        
        what can it do
        
        division time with cancer risk
        
        when will cancer occur?
        
        how does it relate with other factors causing cancer?
        
        types of ageing?
        
        identify (form colonies, slow division [BrdU], lineage tracing (form all types of cells))
        
        types: HSC, MSC, Hair, Muscle, striatum, intestine
        
        what's their niche
        
        who can create their own?
        
        where are they
        
        what could go wrong
        
        FAP/APC
        
        systemic influences
        
        TA: transit amplifying cell - why they are useful?
- - - - manipulated
      - serve a different function
        
        bone marrow transplantation for EB
      - focus on tissue function
    - - focus on tissue structure
        
        Holoclar(limbus repair therapy): EMA approved
    - - medicine +medical product
- - - - beads/vascularized (sugar)
    - - pole displacement
      - curvature of the sheet