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Memory is a reconstruction (schemata (what do you choose to focus on and…
Memory is a reconstruction
false memories
Loftus studies: broken glass study, barn study, red Datsun study
eyewitness testimony
mugshot study
staged crime, mugshots, line-up
seeing the same face again makes you attribute fluency to the original crime (not mugshots)
false fame effect
source vs. familiarity
behavioural changes due to false memories
egg salad study; refer to cognition textbook
behavioural modifications
people can't distinguish accurate memories from inaccurate ones
false suggestions
misinformation effect
Loftus studies again; decide how to use the results to prove your point
idea of leading questions
interrogations and investigations
legal systems rely on these
especially important when considering children
exoneration of the innocent
affect memory once memory is encoded
retroactive vs. proactive
important because innocent get accused because of this
how can you ask questions and get the truth out without suggesting something
memory accuracy
accuracy vs. confidence in a memory
schemata
set of beliefs, knowledge, expectations, goals, mental states, emotions
very useful because they are usually right
problems arise when an event did not carry out the way it "normally" does
not useful when it comes to eyewitness testimony
what do you choose to focus on and encode in memory
weapon focus
gist of the situations
Bartlett 1932
war of ghosts: subtlety and details lost, gist remembered, strange/illogical things taken out
Brewer and Treyens
real life deese effect
books in an academic office
schemata tell you there would be books in an academic office
memory errors
not rare but not too serious either
must remember that they are possible
take into account when truth is very important
it's not always deception; sometimes people just don't remember
memory system is not a computer's file storage system
cannot save and access memories easily
decay ocurs
what was encoded might be changed
forgetting occurs
what is remembered can be influenced by past and present information