Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Militarization and Policing (Militarizing American Police (Primarily…

- - - - 3) The steep growth and normalization of police special operations units (e.g. SWAT teams)
      - 4) A growing tendency by the police and other segments of the criminal justice system to rely on the military/war model for formulating crime/drug/terrorism control rationale and operations
      - 2) The advent of an unprecedented cooperative relationship between the US military and US civilian police (e.g. technology transfers, military weapons transfers, information sharing targeted at domestic security, a close operational relationship in both drug control and terrorism control efforts, and a high level of cross-training in the area of special weapons and tactics team (SWAT))
      - 5) A redefining of criminality to ‘insurgency,’ and crime control to ‘low-intensity conflict’—requiring counter-insurgency measures carried out by both the US military and civilian police.
      - 1) Significant erosion of the 1878 Posse Comitatus Act by the United States, which prohibited the military involvement in internal security or police matters, except under the most extreme circum- stances
- - - - A set of beliefs, values, and assumptions that stress the use of force and threat of violence as the most appropriate and efficacious means to solve problems
      - Emphasizes the exercise of military power, hardware, organization, operations, and technology as its primary problem-solving tools.
      - Police militarization
        
        The process whereby civilian police increasingly draw from, and pattern themselves around, the tenets of militarism and the military model.
        
        4 Indicators:
        
        Cultural (e.g. martial language, appearance, beliefs, values)
        
        Organizational (e.g. martial arrangements such as ‘command and control’ centers or elite squads of officers patterned after military special operations patrolling high-crime areas)
        
        Material (e.g. martial weaponry, equipment, advanced technology)
        
        Operational (e.g. patterns of activity modeled after the military such as intelligence, supervision, handling high-risk situations)
        
        All police are militarized to some extent: the real concern when discerning police militarization is one of degree—or the extent to which a civilian police body is militarized.
    - - The implementation of the ideology, militarism
      - The process of arming, organizing, planning, training for, threatening, and sometimes implementing violent conflict
      - Adopting and applying the central elements of the military model to an organization or particular situation.
    - - For example, the US government has been rapidly redefining what constitutes a threat to national security by turning its gaze inward, thereby militarizing to a significant degree its domestic security efforts
      - Metaphors such as the war on drugs, crime, and terrorism play a powerful role in the construction of reality. Framing the crime, terrorism, and drug problems using militaristic language, thus, will likely result in thoughts and actions which correspond with the war/military paradigm
- - - - Turned into a zero tolerance policing style, heavily enforced the law, used a military style approach to this variation to community policing
    - - Wanted the community to eventually police their own community
- - - - Drug control efforts helped blur this distinction in the 1990's,an attempt to make the military more
        ‘socially useful’ by engaging in drug control
        efforts.
      - cooperation
        and collaboration between civilian police
        and the armed forces, and the military has
        become a central player in a host of homeland
        security and war-on-terror initiatives
      - Establishing Northcom which allows the military to use surveillance and information programs on civilians; biggest surveillance intiative outside of the FBI