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Spanish Foreign Policy in the 16th century (Three main objectives of the…
Spanish Foreign Policy in the 16th century
Three main objectives of the policy were:
Conservation of territories
Strenghtening of Spanish rule in Europe
Defence of the Catholic faith
Rivalry with France
Carlos V
Fought Francis I of France for the control of Milan in Italy
Spanish tercios defeated the French at the Battle of Pavia(1525)
In 1538, The Ducgy of Milan was incorporated to the Hispanic Morachy
Felipe III
In the Battle of Saint Quentin (1557) the French were defeated
The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis ensured Spain´s domination for several decades
The Turks
They were a threat for Carlos V´s empire and the Mediterranean
Europe
They invaded parts of Europe
In 1529, the attack to Viena failed
The Mediterranean
Carlos V organised military campaigns and conquered Tunisia
In 1570, Tunisia and Cyprus were conquered by the Turks
But then,
Turks were defeated by Spain, Venice and the Pope at the Battle of Lepanto in 1571
The Defence of Catholithism
Carlos V considered that the Spanish Monarchy was a great defensor of Catholithism. It influenced his policies
Battle of Mulberg
In the Holy Roman empire, many German princes supported Protestan Reformation. Carlos V won.
The Peace of Aubsburg (1555) allowed each principality to decide between Catholithism and Protestantism
Carlos V also took part in the French Wars of Religion between Catholics and Calvinists
Conflicts in north-west Europe
The Dutch Revolt (1568)
Was led by the Resistance to Felipe II´s anti-Protestant policy and high taxation
The United Provinces was the name used by the northern provinces, led by William of Orange, and it declared their independence
This was the beginning of a long war
Independence was only recognised in 1648
The rebellion interrupted yrade with Flanders, one of the richest regions in Europe
Spanish Armada defeated in 1588
Conflict with England because Queen Elizabeth supported the rebels