Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Detoxification and Gastrointestinal Health (Evaluate the role of the…
Detoxification and
Gastrointestinal Health
Evaluate the role of the gastrointestinal tract in detoxification
Detoxification/biotransformation
• The process of transforming the toxin from a harmful state to
harmless
detoxification/biotransformation
processes which may be lacking due to
interference with enzymes, hormones or neurotransmitters
blockage of cellular transport mechanisms or receptor sites
oxidative damage
Sources of Toxins
Endogenous
30 to 60 tons of food
consumed in the lifetime of the average well-nourished adult
Stress & belief systems
Oxidative stress
Mechanical problems - spinal alignment, nasal or intestinal
obstruction
Exogenous
Lifestyle - smoking, alcohol
Orthodox medications
Foods - high sugar, trans-fatty acids, dietary lectins
Environmental - lead from traffic, chlorine and fluorine from water,
insecticides, herbicides, solvents, metals…
Biological inhalants - mould, pollen, algae..
Radiation - television, computers
Natural - solanine in potatoes
Signs and symptoms
of suboptimal detoxification
Bowel
halitosis
bitter taste
bloating, fatty stools, constipation, diarrhoea,
intolerance to fatty foods, tender swollen liver, gallbladder problems
Immune
food allergies, skin issues, asthma…
Hormonal
stress, infertility, PMS, being overweight, depression
Nervous system
headaches, dementia, poor memory and concentration
GIT Detoxification
Correction of digestive processes
stomach acid
pancreatic secretions
bile production
Ensure adequate elimination
Restore GIT microbial balance
Repair GIT membrane integrity
Promote liver detoxification pathways
Metallothionein
intracellular, low molecular, low molecular
weight, cysteine-rich proteins
unique structural characteristics
potent metalbinding
and redox capabilities
A primary role has not been identified, and remains elusive, as
further functions continue to be discovered
MT-1
MT-2
In the gut and pancreas, MT responds mainly to Zn status
MT-3
Brain isoform
has a specific neuronal growth inhibitory
activity and appetite suppressant activity
involvement in Zn homeostasis
protection against
heavy metal (especially Cd) and oxidant damage
metabolic
regulation via Zn donation, sequestration and/or redox control
Describe the scope of nutritional therapy in the support of gastrointestinal
health
Explain the detailed functions of the gastrointestinal tract
‘You are what you eat’ is only partially true
‘You are also what you absorb...
The 4R program
A comprehensive approach for the normalisation of gastrointestinal
function
Remove
removing pathogenic bacteria,
viruses, fungi, parasites, allergens and toxins from the GIT thereby decreasing
the ‘toxic load
Food allergy and intolerance testing can be helpful to identify adverse food
reactions (IgG, IgE and lactose intolerance tests)
Tailored food protocol which may include full elimination diet depending on
the severity of symptoms
2, Replace.
Replenish digestive enzymes and other digestive factors that may be
lacking
Hydrochloric Acid (betaine hydrochloride)
– Used to help raise stomach acid
– Zinc and B6 are important cofactors
proteases, lipases, cellulases, sacchridases, hydrochloric acid, pepsin,
intrinsic factor and bile
Digestive enzymes
– Used to help digestion in the small intestine, from insufficient pancreatic or
brush border enzymes
– Normally well tolerated and without side effects
digestive bitters
10-20 drops are often taken in water before a meal for the ‘bitter
principle’ effect via the stimulation of the vagus nerve
Swedish bitters or herbal extract formulas
containing gentian, dandelion root or artichoke
Reinoculate
Reintroduction of beneficial bacteria (probiotics)
PROBIOTICS
Human infants are born with a sterile GIT until an infant ingests vaginal and faecal
microflora at delivery
The breastfed infant contains a colon population of 90% Bifidobacteria with some
Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococci but virtually no Bacteroides, Staphylococci,
Lactobacilli or Clostridia
Bifidobacteria do not predominate in the bottle-fed infant
Favourable characteristics found in probiotics are exhibited by Lactobacillus
plantarum, L. rhamnosus, L.reuteri, and L. Agilis
L. plantarum is carried by 25% of the general population in the US in comparison
to nearly 100 percent of the population in Africa and Asia
Fermented yoghurt
– cultured with L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus are responsible for the taste,
consistency, and smell that we associate with yoghurt yet these species lack the ability to
survive in the human GIT
Fermented foods
Sauerkraut and kimchi
• L. plantarum are involved in the final stages of fermentation in both
kimchi and sauerkraut, and they typically reach populations of
108
bacteria/ml by the end stages of fermentation
A dosage of 108
bacteria per sitting is often mentioned in the probiotic
literature as the minimum quantity of bacteria needed to produce therapeutic
effects
PREBIOTICS
Prebiotic compound
Beta-glucooligomers
Raffinose
Galactooligosaccharides
Xylooligosaccharides
Galactosyl lactose
Fructooligosaccharides
Repair
Direct nutritional support for the structure and function of the intestinal
wall structure
The antioxidants – alpha and beta-carotene, C, E
Minerals - Zn and Mg
Amino acids - N-acetylcysteine, glutamine
Carbohydrates - inulin and frutooligosaccharides
Pantothenic acid is often used due to its role in collagen formation
Weed, seed, feed programme
Show awareness of the importance of referral with ‘Red Flag’ symptoms