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Forestry Exam #2 (Forest Dynamics (Succession: changes in vegetative…

- - - - Stem exclusion: after several years no new individuals appear, some die, and survivors grow larger and variably in this brushy stage, shading the forest floor
      - Understory reinitiation: shade tolerant herbs, shrubs, and tree seedlings again appear from 60 to 150 years later, depending on site and forest type, but grow little
      - Old-growth: overstory trees die in an irregular fashion and some of the understory trees grow into the overstory creating a forest with multiple age classes
      - Stand Initiation: new species and individuals continue to appear for several years after a disturbance
- - - - Fuels
        
        Ground: partially decomposed organic matter or duff, roots, peat in wet areas
        
        Surface: large groups of fuels found on or close to the surface (leaf litter, twigs, logs, grasses, & etc.
        
        Aerial/crown: all flammable materials in the canopy/crown of the forest
      - Types of fires
        
        Ground: burn organic matter in the soil beneath the surface by glowing combustion
        
        Surface: spread with a flaming front, and burn leaf litter, fallen branches, and other fuels on the ground level
        
        Aerial/crown: most intense type of fires and need lots of fuel to burn [canopy fire]