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AB Chapter 3 (Phobias (specific phobias (situational (enclosed spaces…
AB Chapter 3
Phobias
definition
persistent
fears
disproportionate/excessive
specific phobias
blood-injury-injection
situational
enclosed spaces (claustrophobia_
natural environment
heights (acrophobia)
other
animal
Social Anxiety Disorder
excessive fear
public scrutiny
negative evaluation
Explanation
psychodynamic
projection
fear what do with knife
fear knife
displacement
fear father
fear horses
Behavioural
Two-factor model
operant conditioning = avoidance
classical conditioning = fear
Prepared conditioning
genetically prepared
certain stimuli
e.g. snakes
cognitive
anxiety sensitivity
genetic
learned
misattribution of sensations
oversensitivity to threat
self-defeating/irrational beliefs
biological
Treatment
behaviour
fear-stimulus hierarchy
gradual exposure
systematic desensitization
cognitive restructuring
Anxiety
Physical
jitteriness
perspiration
heart pounding/racing
light-headed
nausea
Definition
apprehension
foreboding
current events
future events
Behavioural
avoidance/escape
clinging/dependency
agitated
seeking reassurance
cognitive
excessive worrying
overly aware of bodily senstations
jumbled thoughts
nagging thoughts
vs fear
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
Who
onset: teens and YA
2x W vs M
5%
explanations
Psychodyamic
unconscious conflicts
leaking!
Behavioural/Learning
stimulus generalization
cognitive
anxiety sensitivity
misattributions of threats
oversensitivity to threat
self-defeating/irrational beliefs
cognitive model of anxiety
biology
genetics
twin studies
neuroticism
NT
GABA
serotonin
norepinephrine
DSM
restless/keyed up
easily fatigued
difficulty concentrating
excessive worry and anxiety
at least 6 months
irritability
sleep :unamused:
muscle tension
"free floating anxiety"
Treatment
psychodynamic
:unlock:ego!
humanistic
:unlock: genuine self!
Biological
Benzodiazepines
CB
relaxation training
substitute w adaptive thoughts
decatastrophizing
good results
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
DSM
traumatic experience
life threatening
at least 1 month
traumatic episodes
difficulty concentrating
heightened arousal
extreme anxiety/fear
relive/reexperience trauma
numbing/dissociation
Risk Factors
gender
resiliency
location
occupation
vulnerability
severity of trauma
coping responses used
responsiveness
social support
Explanations
cognitive
anxiety sensitivity
genes
Treatment
Biology
benzodiazepines
antidepressants
Behavioural
exposure therapy + cognitive restructuring
stress-management
anger-management
additional interventions...addictions
EMDR
Panic Disorder
Definition
panic attacks
physical symptoms
feelings of terror/doom
urge to escape
10-20 minutes
recurrent
unexpected
worry about having panic attacks
change behvariours
Explanations
Psychodynamic
impulses at boundary of consciousness
cognitive
oversensitivity to threat
anxiety sensitivity
misattribution of panic sensations
Biological
brain dysfunction
hippocampus
amygdala
medial prefrontal cortex
Treatments
Behaviour based
exposure
development of coping responses
self-monitoring
more effective than meds
meds
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
what
compulsions
behaviour/mental act
compelled/driven
checking
cleaning
symmetry
prevalence
1%
F onset in YA
M onset in childhood
obsessions
thought/image/urge
beyond ability to control
intrusive/unwanted/recurrent
Explanations
Behavioural
compulsion = operant responses
Psychodynamic
obsession = unconscious leak
compulsion = repress leak
cognitive
obsession
irrational belief
Biological
heightened arousal
anxiety circuit
danger circuit
frontal cortex
disruptied
not inhibit behaviours
Treatment
Biological
antidepressants
SSRIs
Neurosurgery
Behavioural
at least as effective as meds
CT
exposure + response prevention