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DIGESTION (FOOD INTAKE (Control Mechanism (Metabolism detection…

- - - - Hypothalamus of the brain control metabolism associated with feeding actions
      - Signals from sensors are integrated by hypothalamus
    - - Regulation of pressure receptor
    - - Fat deposition
- - - - Multicellular
        
        Cnidaria
      - Unicellular
        
        Protozoa
      - Sponges
    - - Hydrolytic enzymes catalyse food
        
        Digested food will be diffused into cytoplasm
  - - - Foregut
        
        Mouth
        
        Physical digestion
        
        Chewing
        
        Chemical digestion
        
        Hydrolytic enzymes catalyse food into smaller component
        
        Esophagus
      - Midgut
        
        Stomach
        
        pH is very low
        
        Intestine
        
        Main site of digestion and absorption
      - Hindgut
        
        Large intestine
        
        Reabsorption of water and ion takes place
        
        Rectum
        
        Formation of storage and faeces
        
        Proceeds with deafication
    - - Annelid
        
        Tubular system
        
        mouth>pharynx>esophagus>crop>gizzard>intestine
        
        Food = decaying organic materials and soil
      - Athropoda
        
        Foregut = :red_cross: stomach, :check: Crop
        
        Secretes digestive enzymes to dissolve solid food into liquid form
        
        Active digestive site = midgut
        
        Hindgut = Intestine = Absorption takes place
      - Fish
        
        additional digestive system
        
        Gall bladder
        
        Store bile produced by liver
        
        Bile emulsifies fat
        
        Spleen
        
        Pyloric Caeca
        
        Secrete digestive enzymes
        
        Neutralize acidity of chyme
        
        Spiral vavle
        
        Increase surface area of intestine
      - Amphibians
        
        physical digestion by teeth
        
        Vomerine Teeth is not for chewing but to hold the prey
      - Aves
        
        Gizzard
        
        Have thick muscular walls & tough lining
        
        Proventiculus
        
        Secretes
        
        HCl
        
        Pepsinogen
        
        Mucus
- - - - -Allow energy uptake from fibrous diet.
      - -Utilizes Non-protein Nitrogen
      - -Does not acquire supplements.
    - - Rumen
        
        -Location of microbial fermentation
        
        End product: Ammonia, VFA, FFA, CO2.
      - Omasum
      - Reticulum
      - Abomasum
        
        The "TRUE STOMACH" = Chemical digestion occur.
  - - - Secretion
      - Absorption
      - Digestion
    - - Motility: Peristalsis and Segmentation
      - Secretion (Bile juice)
      - Digestion: Action of digestive enzymes
        
        Characteristic of enzymes
        
        -Hydrolases
        
        -Group specific
        
        -pH sensitive
        
        -Temperature dependent