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Maternal Depression and Child Development (Maternal depression is a risk…
Maternal Depression and Child Development
Maternal depression is a risk factor for the socioemotional and cognitive development of children
13% women in Canada suffer postpartum depression
Affects child into infancy, toddlerhood, preschool and school age, adolescent even
Risk factors, duration, severity of PPD affects child outcomes
Maternal Depression and Infant Development
Maternal depression prevents the interaction between moms and infants
Mothers can be: Intrusive or Withdrawn
Cognitive Development Affected
Poor cognitive performance, poor social skills, poor learning
Outcome of Toddlers and Preschoolers
Behavioural Development
Depressed moms less attentive and responsive to child's needs.
Less mature for age, problems internalizing/externalizing problems
Cognitive Development
Insensitive maternal interactions poorer cognitive functioning
Boys more sensitive than girls
Cognitive linguistic function affected negatively
School-Age Children
Behavioural Development
Impaired adaptive functioning (internalizing and externalizing problems)
Family stress added to child disturbance
Unsure which are affected by genetics or external environment
Academic Development
Association between ADHD and maternal mental health
Lowe IQ scores, attention problems, difficulty mathematically reasoning, special education needs
Boys more affected than girls
Adolescents
Behavioural Development
Psychosocial maladjustments and higher rate of affective disorder
Higher rates of major depression and other pschopathology
Academic Development
Continuing school-age problems, ADHD, learning disabilities
Risk Factors, Vulnerability and Resilience
Contextual Factors
Marital conflicts, stressful life events, poverty, limited social support, lower social class, lower maternal education
Exacerbates depression and causes maladaptive parenting
Role of Fathers
Infants of depressed mothers interacted better with nondepressed fathers (acted as buffer)
Children with depressed mothers showed lower social and emotional competence if father also had psychiatric disorder
Martial distress contributes to children externalizing problems (increasing clinical depression chances) -> maintain parental depression
Characteristics of Child
Boys more vulnerable than girls
Children with more easy-going temperament shows less negativity
Social skills that allows them to receive attention from adults outside of their parents reduces feelings of non-competence
Treatment Options
Social Support and Psychoeducational Interventions During Infancy
Alter mother mood state and awareness to infant.
Helps mother-infant interactions
Some studies showed mothers had more positive interactions and behaviours
Family therapy
Focus on comunication about illiness within family
Psychotherapy
Focusing on mothers relationship with infant and explore's mother's own childhood