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ECOLOGY OF THE PEER GROUP (Macrosystem Influences on the Peer Group: …
ECOLOGY OF THE PEER GROUP
The Peer Group as a Socializing Agent
Peers are significant to human development
Belonging Needs and Social Interaction
Sense of Self
Parent versus Peer Influence
authoritative parents
authoritarian parents
permissive parents
uninvolved parents
The Peer Group's Influence on Psychological Development
followership
leadership
The Peer Group's Influence on Social Development: Social Competence and Conformity
Social Competence
Age
Situation
Personal Values
The Peer Group's Influence on Cognitive Development: Social Cognition
Preoperational Stage
Children 2-7 have no cognitive ability to be aware of peer pressure
Concrete Operational Stage
Children 7-11 have a hard time distinguishing facts or reality
Assumptive Reality
Cognitive Conceit
Formal Operational Stage
Reality Testing
Imaginary Audience
Peer Group Socializing Mechanisms
Reinforcement
Modeling
Situation; Model; Observer
Punishment
Apprenticeship
Macrosystem Influences on the Peer Group: Developmental Tasks
Getting along with others
Developing Morals and Values
Rules as a Moral Component
Types of Morality
Learning Appropriate Sociocultural Roles
Sex and Gender Roles
Achieving Personal Independence and Identity
Social Support
Chronosystem Influences on the Peer Group: Play/Activities
Development of Play
Solitary, Onlooker, Parallel, Associative, Cooperative, Imitative, Exploratory, Testing Play, and Model-building play.
Peer Group Interaction
Development of Friendships
Peer Group Acceptance/Neglect/Rejection
Peer Sociotherapy
Peer Group Dynamics and Social Hierarchies
Clique Inclusion and Exclusion
Clique Inclusionary Techniques
Clique Exclusionary Techniques
Bullies and Victims
Antisocial Behavior: Gangs
Prosocial Behavior: Peer Collaboration, Tutoring, and Counseling
Mesosystem Influences on the Peer Group: Adult-Child Interaction
Adult Structured Peer Groups
Adult Mediated Group Interaction
Adult Leadership Styles
Authoritarian
Democratic (authoritative)
Laissez-faire (permissive)
Team Sports