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Ecology of Peer Groups by Ruth Mathusek (How does children play change…
Ecology of Peer Groups by Ruth Mathusek
Why are peer groups socializing agents?
(p. 281)
Significant socializers
Preferred to other socializing agents.
Influence social, cognitive and psychological development
Satisfy belonging needs
How do peers contribute to normal development?
Looking glass self
Belonging needs and social interaction
Infancy/Toddler
Early Childhood
Adolescence
Middle Childhood
Sense of Self
Infancy/Toddler
Early Childhood
Middle Childhood
Adolescence
Present-oriented decisions
Moral issues
Future-oriented decisions
Appearance
Parents vs Peer Influence
How do peer relations predict adult life-course? (
p. 287)
Complicance/ Followership
Creation/ Leadership
Does being socially competent mean conforming?
(p. 287)
SOCIAL COMPETENCE
Situation
Neutral
Antisocial
Prosocial
Personal values
Age
Why are preadolescence children more susceptible to peer group influence?
(p. 288)
SOCIAL COGNITION
Concrete Operational Stage
ASSUMPTIVE REALITIES
COGNITIVE CONCEIT
Formal Operational Stage
REALITY TESTING
IMAGINARY AUDIENCE
Preoperational Stage
Erickson's Stages
Peer Group Socializing Mechanisms
(p. 293)
Modeling
Consequences
Behavior
Something new
FACTORS
Model
Observer
Situation
Punishment
Victim
Bully
Reinforcement
Apprenticeship
Vygotsky
What does society expect the peer groups to accomplish?
(p. 297)
Getting along with others
Developing Morals and Values
Rules as a Moral Component
Types of Morality
MORALITY OF CONSTRAINT
MORALITY OF COOPERATION
Learning Appropriate Sociocultureal Roles
Sex and Gender Roles
Gender role
Sex Education
Schools
Peers
Parents
Media
Achieving Personal Independence and Identity
SOCIAL SUPPORT
Validation
Encouragement
Opportunities
Self-disclosure
Identity
How does children play change throughout development?
(p. 302)
Parten
Parallel
Associative
Onlooker
Cooperative
Solitary
Type of Activity and Type of Social Interaction
Imitative play
Exploratory play
Testing Pay
Model-building play
Infant/Toddler Peer Activities
Early Childhood Peer Activities
Middle School/ Preadolescent Peer Activities
Psychological influence
Cognitive Influence
Sociocultural influence
Adolesccent Peer Activities
Why is peer group interaction easy for some children and not others?
(p. 308)
Development of Friendahip
Carollee Howes
Selman and Selman
Early Childhood
Early to middle Childhood
Middle Childhood
Middle Childhood to adolescence
Adolescence to Adulthood
Who is in and who is out according to the group and why?
(p. 309)
Neglected or Rejected
Peer Sociotherapy
SOCIOTHERAPY
Acceptance
SOCIOMETRY
What social mechanisms establish order and control within the peer group?
(p. 314)
Inclusion and Exclusion
Bullies and Victims
Antisocial Behaviors
(p. 318)
Gang
Prosocial
(p. 319)
Tutor
Counsel
Collaboration
Mesosystem Influences
(p. 320)
Adult Peer Groups
Adult Mediated Group Interaction
Frustration and Competition
Norms
Stratify
Adult Leadership Styles
Team Sports
Adding Up the Assets, by S.A Dennis
A Class Divided
Cipher in the Snow
Cliques, Crowds, and Conformity