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Health risks from hazardous substances (Main classification of substance…
Health risks from hazardous substances
Forms of chemical agent
Solids in block form at normal temperature and pressure
Dusts (e.g. wood dust)
Fumes (e.g. welding fumes)
Fibres (e.g. asbestos)
Liquids at normal temperature and pressure (e.g. petrol)
Mists (e.g. spray painting)
Vapours (e.g. solvent vapour)
Forms of biological agent
Fungi (e.g. farmer's lung)
Virus (e.g. ebola)
Bacteria (e.g. leptospirosis)
Main classification of substance hazardous to health
Acute toxicity
Skin corrosion/irritation
Serious eye damage/eye irritation
Respiratory/skin sensitisation
Germ cell mutagenicity
Carcinogenicity
Reproductive toxicity
Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure
Specific target organ toxicity - repeated exposure
Aspiration hazard
Acute health effects
After a single or short-term exposure
Health effect is immediate
Health effect is observed within seconds, minutes or hours
Chronic health effects
Prolonged or repeated exposure
Health effect is over longer periods of time, often irreversible once diagnosed
Health effect is observed over weeks, months or years
Local health effects
Affects body at point of contact only
Effects seen at the site
Systemic health effects
Affects body elsewhere, not just at point of contact
e.g inhalation of solvent causing damage to liver
e.g. swelling after an insect bite
for e.g exposure to asbestos and developing lung cancer years later
for e.g. inhalation of solvents causing loss of consciousness