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Diversity in living organisms (Concrete examples of characteristics used…
Diversity in living organisms
Concrete examples of characteristics used in hierarchical classification.
Cells that group together form a single organism use the principle of division of labor. In such body design all cells wouldn't be identical. Instead all groups of cells carry out specialized functions. Instead group of cells will carry out specialized functions.
Being able to produce one's one food vs. to take food from the surroundings influences the body design.
Level of organization in the body.
Of the animals, how does individual's body develop and organize it's different parts and what are the specialized organs found for different functions.
Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.
Big so read
5 kingdoms of whittaekar
Monera
Prokaryotic 2. No defined nucleus/organelles 3. May/mayn't have nucleus. 4. Autotrophic/heterotrophic 5. Uni/Multi cellular 5. eg) Bacteria, cyanobacteria, blue-green algae 6. Mycoplasma - no cell wall
Protista
Eukaryotic, unicellular and false feet for locomotion(pseudopodia, cilia, flagella) 2. eg) Amoeba, paramecium, euglena, diatom, protozoa, algae
Fungi
Heterotrophic, Chitin(cell wall), mycelium(plant body) 2. fruiting body- mushroom. 3. Symbiotic and saphrophytic 4. eg) bread mould, yeast and mushroom
Plantae
1.Multicellular eukaryotes with walls 2. Autotrophes and use chlorophyll for photosynthesis thus all plants are included in this group 3. Has special tissues for transport of water and other substances within it.
Thallophyta
Don't have a well differentiated body design, commonly called as algae and are predominantly aquatic. They don't produce and reproductive parts are hidden. Thallus not differentiated into stem/root/leaf. Eg) Ulva, ulothrix, spirogyra, chara
Bryophyta
Amphibians of plant kingdom and plant body is commonly differentiated to form stem and leaf like structures There's no specialised tissue for conduction of water from one part of the plant body. Have stem/root/leaf like structures and have shizoid-root system. Eg) funaria, riccia, marchantia
Pteridophyta
tissues used for transportation is vascular tissues. Has true stem/root/leaf and are called vascular cryptogams. Eg) marsilea, ferns and horsetails.
Gymnosperms
Gymno-naked and sperma-seeds. They bare naked seeds and are usually perennial, evergreen and woody.
Angiosperms
1.Angio-covered and sperma-seeds. 2.The seeds develope inside an organ which is modified to develop into a fruit and called flowering plants. 3.Plant embryos have structures called cotyledons(seed leaves) and are divided into 2 groups based on the number of cotyledons present in the seed. Plants with single cotyledons are called monocots or monocotyledons and plants with 2 of them are called dicots or dicotyledons.
Criteria used for classification
Grade of organism: uni/multicellular
Symmetry: radial, bilateral, assymmetrical.
Germ layers(embryo) : Formed in embryo development and the layers gave rise to different organs as embryo becomes adult. Triploblastic: Planaria, roundworms. Layers are endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm
Coelom : fluid cavity in body. Seperates digestive tracts and other organs from body wall. A true body cavity or coelom are located within the mesoderm. Layers are endoderm, coelom, mesoderm, ectoderm.
Coelomates true coelom like earthworms, false coelom are body cavity like endoderms and mesoderms like round worms(pseudocoelomates), no coelom(acoelomate like tapeworms).
Body temperature : animals can be based on 2 groups based on their ability to regulate their body temperatures. They are divided into poikilotherms(cold blooded-like fish and frogs, body temperature vary with temperature) and homeotherms(warm blooded- tends to remain constant).