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Causes of Inter State Tensions (Historical animosties (Eg. Kampuchea…
Causes of Inter State Tensions
Historical animosties
Eg. Kampuchea (Cambodia) and Vietnam / Singapore and Malaysia / Thailand Myanmar
Vietnam occupy Cambodia in 1830s, Prince Sihanouk( Cambodia) label Thailand and Vietnam as political predator, but Vietnam more scary
Cambodia foreign policy formulated with the aim of keeping communist Vietnam away.
Singapore separated from Malaysia in 1965 while confrontation still in progress. The reasons differ in the irreconcilable conceptions of Malaysia's Malay Malaysia vs Singapore's Malaysian Malaysia. Although democratic but opposed as a direct threat to the governing system of Tunku
Aftermath
of separation: mutual suspicion based on
sad experience. Malaysia tend to be green at Singapore's social and welfare achievements/ Singapore view Malaysia with fear that , as SIngapore fear that the Malaysia's polticial scene in 1969 has repercussions which affect her national security
Forms of other disputes
:Pedra Branca,
Malayan Railway land and CIQ
facilities, Water agreement, Air space
However,fierce emotionalism is blanketed by realism and a modicum of trus
Burmese destruction of atthaya, a sacred place, Burmese (MYN) no mercy to the Siamese (THAI) and felt no shame for their sin
Aftermath
The steady deterioration of social and economic conditions in Burma, led to Thai people feeling superior vis-a-vis Burma
Malaysia v Thailand
Thailand and Laos competing for influence over Laos and Cambodia
Racial religious Divisions
MY and THAI / LAO and VIET
MY and THAI : due to Muslim in southern thailand eg. patani. leading to secessionist movement to separate eg. Pattani United Liberation
Organization (PULO).
Malaysia secret support (cover) for these separation groups
Thai attack the separatist groups
Malaysia arrest of Thai fisherman that cross the sea
border
Despite cooperation and good relations the South Thai
problem continue to plague relationship as Bangkok
continue to alleged tacit KL support
LAO and VIET : LAO created by French Indo china rule. Viet was the dominant state in Indon china rule. LAO congruency with its French created form. Apart from this, there is cultural divide between the valley Lao and numerous hill tribes who have a much greater sense of identification with North Vietnamese side of border
Ideological Differences
Malaysia v Indonesia / Sg v Msia /
Malaisia Singapore due to Israel PM visit Chiam Herzog
Dr Mahatir of Malaysia is anti-zionist hence see israel Pm visit as gratitious provocation
Sg and MY relations all time low until LKY apologise
In 2008, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) awarded Pedra Branca to Singapore.. As there are dispute over Pedra branca
Malaysia threaten to cut water supply
Malaysia v Indonesia KONFRONTASKI
Different path to independence-
Indonesia vs. Malaysia
Sukarno’s vision of a “Greater
Indonesia”
Confrontation- Malaysia as a
neo-colonial plot
Included Singapore and North
Borneo
Supported an internal uprising
in Brunei
Confrontation ended during
Suharto time but the historical
animosity and suspicion
remained
Territorial Disputes
Cambodia and Vietnam: Boundary
dispute (Pg. 14-18)
Cambodia and Vietnam
historical rivalry
Cambodia claimed Cochin
China which was inaugurated
into South Vietnam
Cambodia was compensated
with Sihanoukville as Saigon
became part of South Vietnam
South Vietnam controlled Phu
Quoc island but President Diem (VIET)
claimed the smaller islands
under the control of Cambodia
Disputes over sovereignty
plagued the relationship
Malaysia and Indonesia relations
Indonesia launch of Konfrontasi
Dispute over the Sipadan and Ligitan islands
Malaysia- claim on historical colonial
administration since close to Sabah
Indonesia 1891 Anglo-Dutch Boundary
Agreement
1992- Indonesia used gunboat (military) diplomacy to
contest Malaysian ownership- tensions
ICJ arbitration- Malaysia won the case
Despite there have been a lot of cooperation
since both countries are culturally similar
Sabah claimed part of Sultanate of
Sulu which is part of the Philippines
Sabah was leased to Sultan of Brunei
who handed over to the British North
Borneo Company
Historical claim- USA send reminders
to Britain in 1906 and 1920 to claim
Sabah- Britain ignored it
Sabah formally joined Malaysia in
1963
Philippines did not recognize it and
suspended diplomatic ties for a while
Nevertheless Philippines wants the
ICJ to look into the matter but
Malaysia flatly refuse submitting the
claim to ICJ
Philippine claim of Sabah (pg. 12-14)
Complicated by Malaysian tacit support for
the Moro rebellion
Complicated by Malaysia’s intolerance of
Christian Kadazan government
1990s- Better relations- joint border patrols
to check for illegal immigrants
Philippines continue to claim Sabah but less
pressing
Malaysia help mediate the Moro dispute
Thaw in relations but still finely balanced