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German employee relations (‘4 High’ (High-value-added, High-wage, High…
German employee relations
Employee interests
Co-determination at the workplace and company levels
Works councils
Staff matters
Social issues
Economic and financial affairs
Collective bargaining at the industry level
Supervisory
Management boards
Highly coordinated and regulated
industrial democracy
Cooperation
‘4 High’
High-value-added
High-wage
High-productivity
High-skill
Employers and their associations
Special employer associations engage in social policy, employment relations, collective bargaining: peak federation BDA
Chambers of industry and commerce
Business or trade associations represent general business and product market interests, lobbying: peak federation BDI
Unions
Collective bargaining
Responsible for political activities.
High degree of juridification
Collective bargaining
Framework agreements specify wage payment systems
Umbrella agreements regulate all other conditions of employment (e.g. working time, overtime, holidays)
Wage agreements fix the level of wages and their periodic increases
Industrial disputes
Labour courts
Conciliation
Minimum wages
No minimum wages
Unions in some industries are struggling to secure adequate wages.
‘Flexibility’
Functional
Schools
Companies
Working-time
Wages and salaries
In forms of employment