1- high affinity for the benzodiazepine , a competitive antagonist.
2- blocks the actions of benzodiazepines and Z-drugs but does NOT antagonize ethanol, barbiturates, meprobamate, opioids, or general anesthetics.
3-Clinical uses: Reversal of CNS depressant effects of benzodiazepine overdose and to speed recovery in anesthetic and diagnostic procedures using BZDs.
4- . intravenous (IV) use only.
5-Onset is rapid, but duration is short- t1/2≈1 hour- rapid hepatic clearance.
• Frequent administration may be needed to reverse long-acting benzodiazepines.
6-Adverse effects:
• Dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and agitation are the most common side effects.
• Reversal of the benzodiazepine may precipitate withdrawal in dependent patients or cause seizures if used to control seizures.
• Seizures and cardiac arrhythmias may result if the patient ingests tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs).