Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Function and Dysfunction of Memory in Eyewitness Testimony (MEMORY facts…
Function and Dysfunction of Memory in Eyewitness Testimony
"Retrieval" of "Repressed" Memories
Hypnosis for retrieval
- (include this??? Maybe not)
(
Creating False Memories
http://www.nature.com.libaccess.lib.mcmaster.ca/scientificamerican/journal/v277/n3/pdf/scientificamerican0997-70.pdf
)
Remaking Memories
CAUSES
- Memory contamination: Combining information from different experiences, or from different sources (i.e. yield vs. stop sign experiment, Loftus 1978) (
Semantic integration of verbal information into a visual memory
http://journals1.scholarsportal.info.libaccess.lib.mcmaster.ca/details/00961515/v04i0001/19_sioviiavm.xml
)
CAUSES
- False Memories: making someone believe something in childhood/the past happened when it actually didn't, simply through suggestion or "proof" (fake) , but subjects come up with detailed stories about what they believe to have happened, and are confident in their responses (
Comparing Recollective Experience in True and False Autobiographical Memories
http://journals2.scholarsportal.info.libaccess.lib.mcmaster.ca/details/02787393/v27i0004/920_creitafam.xml
)
Conclusion
: feeding people misleading/false information can result in 'memories' of events that never took place, or that were drastically different than what actually occurred
#
Eyewitness Interview in Forensic Investigations
Suggestive or leading questions used? This facilitates memory errors/false memories
(stop/yield:
http://journals1.scholarsportal.info.libaccess.lib.mcmaster.ca/details/00961515/v04i0001/19_sioviiavm.xml
;)
Specific details of event are less likely to be accurately remembered than the overall "gist" of the event
(The Influence of Schemas, Stimulus Ambiguity, and Interview Schedule on Eyewitness Memory Over Time)
Memory can also deteriorate over time - how long after event was interview conducted ?
(
The Influence of Schemas, Stimulus Ambiguity, and Interview Schedule on Eyewitness Memory Over Time
http://journals2.scholarsportal.info.libaccess.lib.mcmaster.ca/pdf/1076898x/v09i0002/101_tiossasoemot.xml
p 110 results:
Accuracy
)
MEMORY facts in FORENSICS
7500 innocent ppl convicted in USA in 1999 due to false recall of memories
(
http://search.proquest.com.libaccess.lib.mcmaster.ca/docview/1535666141?accountid=12347
)
Memory in natural settings vs. the lab (
http://journals1.scholarsportal.info.libaccess.lib.mcmaster.ca/details/00963445/v123i0003/297_minalcaqatma.xml
)
Emotion and memory (
http://journals1.scholarsportal.info.libaccess.lib.mcmaster.ca/details/09637214/v16i0004/213_neemabane.xml
)
Wrongful convictions and the innocence project 2017 (
http://journals2.scholarsportal.info.libaccess.lib.mcmaster.ca/details/10439862/v33i0001/4_wcatim.xml
)
Innocence Project
https://www.innocenceproject.org/causes/eyewitness-misidentification/
Exonerated convictions USA
http://www.law.umich.edu/special/exoneration/pages/browse.aspx?SortField=Convicted&View={b8342ae7-6520-4a32-8a06-4b326208baf8}&SortDir=Asc&FilterField1=Contributing_x0020_Factors_x0020&FilterValue1=Mistaken%20Witness%20ID
Eyewitness misidentification is the greatest contributing factor to wrongful convictions proven by DNA testing, playing a role in more than 70% of convictions overturned through DNA testing nationwide (Innocence project)
Mechanisms of Memory
(from innocence project website)
Priming
Certainty
Single-blind lineups
Repetition
Reassurance from officers; "correct" identification