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The Diabeetus (The diabeetus (DMI 10% # (Genetics/Infection…

- - - - Autodestruction of pancreatic Beta Cells
        
        Little to No Insulin production :no_entry:
        
        Treatments
        
        Insulin
        
        Medications increasing insulin
        
        Insulin
        
        Sulfonylureas: Secrete more insulin
        
        Gl- drugs
        
        Meglitinides: Faster acting
        
        1 more item...
        
        DPP-4 inhibitors: Increase Insulin & Decrease Glucagon
        
        sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza) and linagliptin (Tradjenta)
        
        GLP-1 receptor agonists: Similar but riskier
        
        1 more item...
        
        Blood Sugar Monitoring
        
        Cardiovascular Medicaions
        
        high blood pressure medicaitons like ACE inhibitors, aspirin and cholestoeral
        lowering drugs like statins.
  - - - Insulin deficiency
      - Insulin tolerance: Obesity
        
        Decreased insulin muscle receptors
        
        Treatments
        
        Exercise & Weight Loss
        
        Medications
        
        Increase Insulin Sensitivity & Decrease Glucose
        
        Biguinides
        
        Metformin (Glucophage, Glumetza
        
        1 more item...
        
        Moderate glucose levels
        
        Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors: slow the digestion of carbohydrates and delay glucose absorption.
        
        Glyset ( miglitol), Precose (acarbose)
    - - Weight Gain
  - - - polydipsia (excessive thirst)
      - polyphagia (increased hunger)
      - polyuria, (excessive urine output),
    - - blurred vision, skin complications (such as itching, infections and
        dryness), slow healing wounds and numbness in feet
- - - - Fasting Glucose Tolerance Test
        
        Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT): 7.8-11
        
        THE DIABEETUS: 11.1+
    - - 1+ risk factors
        
        Normal: <7.8
- - - - Deficient knowledge/management
      - Low A1C
      - Alcohol
      - Impaired kidney/liver
      - Medications increasing insulin
        
        Insulin
        
        Sulfonylureas
        
        Gl- drugs
        
        Meglitinides
        
        -glinide drugs
    - - Neurogenic: Mild #
        
        Trembling/tinglin
        
        Hunger, pain, N&V
        
        Palpitations & Sweat
      - Neuroglycopenic: #
        
        Confusion
        
        Weakness
        
        Diff. speaking/swallowing
      - Noctural
        
        Nightmares/sweats
      - Severe
    - - If can swallow
        
        15g carbohydrates
        
        q15min assses: another 15g carbs
        
        q15min assess
        
        4+
        
        Feed
        
        Meal plan
        
        IV dextrose
        
        Low <4 = call MD
      - Unconscious
        
        IV
        
        25mL 50% dextrose 2-3min
        
        q15min assess
        
        Conscious = 15g carb
        
        Unconscious repeat
        
        No IV
        
        1mg SC glucagon
  - - - Small Blood Vessels
        
        Neuropathy
        
        High glucose/lipids damages arterial walls
        
        reduced oxygen supply
        
        Peripheral damage in loss of
        
        sensation
        
        reflex
        
        blisters and sores
        
        Autonomic damage
        
        asymptomatic hypoglycemia
        
        unresponsive HR/BP
        
        GI upset
        
        incontinence
        
        fluctuated glucose
        
        Proximal damage
        
        thighs, buttocks, legs
        
        1 more item...
        
        Focal damage
        
        Unpredictable sudden affects of areas
        
        Nephropathy
        
        Increased GFR = sclerosis
        
        Albumin excretion
        
        HTN
        
        declined GFR
        
        S&S
        
        +/- urination
        
        itchy/numb
        
        headaches
        
        weight loss
        
        muscle cramps
        
        Vomiting
        
        Retinopathy
        
        Glucose enters polyol pathway
        
        Glucose metabolized = Sorbital
        
        Sorbital + = osmotic water intake
        
        swelling and damage
        
        3 more items...
        
        Converted into Fructose
        
        1 more item...
      - DMI>DMII
    - - High glucose, cholesterol, BP
        
        Atherosclerosis
        
        Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD)
        
        atherosclerosis, blood clots, diabetes,
        inflammation, and infection
        
        Narrows arteries
        
        Less oxygen
        
        2 more items...
        
        Treatment
        
        Foot Care
        
        Trim nails
        
        Moisturize
        
        Proper footwear
        
        Report S&S immediately
        
        Pharmacological
        
        Diabetic management
        
        Vasodilators
        
        Anti-cholesterol
        
        Surgical
        
        Angioplasty: Removal of plaques
        
        amputation
        
        Bypass
- - - - Weight training
      - Intense cardios
    - - High Fibre
      - Low Fat