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3.05 New Ways of Thinking (Socialist Alternative (Karl Marx (Class…

- - - - Laws and policies judged by how useful they are and not by tradition
      - Goal of Gov to achieve "greatest happiness of the greatest number"
        
        reform of England's harsh prison system
        
        criminals should be trained to be useful members of society
        
        John Stuart Mill
        
        sometimes get involved in economy to help the poor and powerless
        
        intrests of working class should be represented in Parliament
        
        gov.-supported schools for the poor
        
        giving women the right to vote
        
        oppression of women was:
        
        "wrong in itself"
        
        "hindrance"
        
        wasted the talents of half the human race
- - - - some philosophers and economists rejected capitalism altogether
        
        society radically reorganized to benefit the poor and working classes
        
        capitalism harmed society by encouraging gap between rich and poor
        
        1897
        
        40 mil people's income was dictated by less than 1/8 of the pop.
        
        Socialism
        
        gov. controls property and distribution of income
        
        gov. rep. people
        
        own and manage the means of production:
        
        land
        
        raw materials
        
        factories
        
        workers would not be mistreated or live terrible lives
        
        company owner only motivated by profit
  - - - distressed by working and living conditions
        
        bought New Lanark textile mills in Scotland
        
        prohibited labor for children under 10
        
        set up schools for the young
        
        built better housing for mill workers
        
        encouraged cleanliness
        
        undertook social experiment based on socialist ideals of cooperation and group effort
        
        New Harmony
        
        suppose to be perfect Utopian society
        
        residents quarreled over how things should be run
        
        experiment failed after few years
  - - - wrote articles that criticized the gov.
        
        condemned the powerful
        
        called for overthrow of capitalists and business owners
    - - When revolutions were breaking out across Europe he and Friedrich Engels published The Communist Manifesto
        
        every aspect of a society is shaped by economic system
        
        wealth of a society would be shared by all
        
        predicted a war between the bourgeoisie and proletariat
        
        Bourgeoisie were factory owners, bankers, merchants, and ruling classes
        
        Proletariat were "working men of all countries"
        
        "Let the ruling class tremble" "The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains"
  - - - fled to London after the failed revolution
        
        predicted that the large working class will overthrow the smaller ruling class
        
        but no
- - - - went to South America
        
        came back
        
        Natural selection
        
        evolution process
        
        species with useful traits live longer and have more offspring
        
        offset religious leader b/c if evolution then where God?
        
        "survival of the fittest" kinda