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originally prominent trading port
war, traders did not come to Singapore thus, trade was cut off
Government channeled much too food to the war effort
What food was left were available to selective groups (Rich/Worked for Japanese)
Take at 6 am/b4 sun risen.
As the food rations become insufficient to support the people of Singapore how did the people cope????
tapioca and potato substitute rice
Beri Beri disease- lack of nutrition
Under conditions of war there’s nothing you can do
Under these conditions usually black market will arise
when ran out of money (spent on war equipment) , printed more money
Huge problem of inflation (each individual piece paper become less)
Japanese used banana money
Purchasing power went down
Driven to the black market (trade)
Food scarcity caused food prices to increase rabidly
Hyperinflation+ food scarcity = Black market
Food only available for rich/work for Japanese
Give up valuables to buy food (trade family heirlooms for food)
Supply food decreased= demand up
Japanese closed eye to black market, they knew important way of obtaining food for survival for the masses.
Allowed because they couldn’t provide food
Didn’t bother to break down black market – showed didn’t care about people
brought men aged from 18-50 to a public place and openly pointed out who they thought to be anti Japanese based on their physical appearance and vague tests conducted to deem weather they were anti- Japanese or not.
random acts of cruelty to instill fear
Against Chinese- sent resources/man power/money to china (china vs Japan war)
Favored Malays- Malay were anti British due to colonial treatment thus, Japanese thought Malays and Indians were easier to win over as Japan were anti- British (enemy of my enemy is friend)
No motivation/incentive– no care for home land (a lot of migrants)
Lack understanding/ of intellectual / small group of people who understand political consciousness
locals developed sense of nationalism
turning point- got people to care and realize how much Singapore meant to them (didn’t realize until it was taken away) brought sense of unity/ mutual hardship brought people together
some people finally had some emotional investment (crucial because for change/ independent, country must have people who care for Singapore and see it as more than just a place to work
After mutually experiencing hardship - Made them have attachment to Singapore as a homeland
Realize the need to self governments after physically experiencing the failure of foreign governments and experiencing the consequences / how foreign governments sucked
realize needed to take charge of Singapore on their own
mistreatment over Japanese made them realize being under foreign government is bad
mass desire for self governments
JO solved the problem of lack of understanding of theoretical concept of PC because they could physically experience - physical consequences applied to them
SG is not colonial’s main priority (British did not defend Singapore because focusing efforts nearer to home
SG is not important to Japanese- Japanese main goal to get resources and to build an empire
Instilled fear in locals (e.g. Sook Ching/malnourishing the white soldiers who were Singapore’s former rulers/random killing/kempeitai
Malnourishing white soldiers (previous colonial rulers)
Captured former British soldiers and kept them in camp where they were starved and given menial tasks (like road sweeping)
Believed that SG was impregnable fortress - two ships (prince of whales, Repulse)
Sole responsibility over Singapore’s external defense (didn’t allow locals to have a say in external threats) (failed especially because made such a big deal over Singapore being an “impregnable fortress) (only ones were controlling external events – prevented locals – then failed
External defense = other countries trying to invade / military
SG believed in white man superiority
Believe British more superior than than Japanese
locals believe British that SG was an impregnable fortress (ships)
B Underestimated Japanese (racist ideas- thought Japanese had small eyes, cannot shoot properly)
thought only way to invade was by beach (SG was mainly mangroves and forests)
Fell because of Japanese strengths (resources/tactics) & British weakness (poor defense) - SG taken over in weeks
advance technology/ military equipment to invade through forest surprising british.
Lack in military preparations (set two ships prince of whales, repulse which were easily taken down, sank before battle of Singapore even begun)
Japanese tactics and strategize were better (used bicycles, transported goods and fast instead of walking)
Japanese had air superiority
Chinese in SG sent money, supplies, resources, man power to China during the china vs Japan war
Sook Ching- excuse to have random acts of killing (mass killing to get rid of all anti-Japanese, man have to go to go to screening (no fixed criteria) to decide weather anti-Japanese. if decided guilty, brought away in a truck to kill - (strategic way of maintaining control as families would be obedient in hope of them returning)
Kempeitai (Japanese police) – random acts of punishment
Create climate of fear that force Singaporeans to follow Japanese orders (lest they be punished)
education (educate young generation in Japan language, national anthem, social/cultural practices,
Education to create citizens that comply with what the government wants (agreeable with culture/language/way of life, makes government job a lot easier)
targeting Chinese
divide racial groups
too busy being annoyed at each other to come together against Japan
cement permanent control over society
Propaganda (normalize Japanese way of life in SG in the long run) to accept Japans presence
Media: poster, radio, films, mass spread and outreach = higher penetration