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Sedatives and Hypnotics (Benzodiazepines (main actions of benzodiazepines …
Sedatives and Hypnotics
They are used to treat anxiety and sleep disorders they're also dose dependent the more the dose the more CNS deperssion
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Hypnotics: produce drowsiness and maintain full sleep with more CNS depression achieved by higher dose. and they shouldn't be given for longer than 2-4 weeks
All of them bind to the GABA-A receptor which is responsible for the influx of Cl to cause hyperpolariztion but they bind at different sites with low affinity to GABA-B
Benzodiazepines
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they don't have anti-psychotic effect or analgesic effect and they don't effect the autonomic nervous system
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adverse effects
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triazolam has more side effects like amnasia and morning insomnia and rapid development of tolerance
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benzodiazepines should be used with lowest effective dose and for shortest period possible in pregnancy and elderly
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Barbiturates
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mechanism of action
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at high doses it could be GABA mimetic which means they don't need actual GABA to activate the receptor
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types of Barbiturates
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short acting
Pentobarbital, Secobarbital, Ambobarbital. used as sedative but not for anxiety
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Other hypnotic agents
Z-drugs
Zolpedam, Zaleplon, Eszopiclone
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Ramolton
MT1,MT2 receptor agonist
when no light hits the eye the brain releases meltonin to cause sleepy feeling. this drug mimics meltonin
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