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what is meant (NN) (total signification of an utterance) (what is…
what is meant (NN)
(total signification
of an utterance)
what is implicated
(suggested, implied,
meant by saying...)
non-conventionally
(capable of being "worked out")
conversationally
(essentially connected with
principles of discourse)
particularized
"Mr. X has good handwriting"
:recycle: "Mr. X is a bad philosopher"
generalized
(customary,
common practice)
e.g. scalar implicature
"
Some
athletes smoke"
:recycle: "Not all athletes smoke" :
"John is meeting
a
woman"
:recycle: "John is meeting a woman different from his wife"
features of conversational implicatures
reinforcability
"John is meeting a woman, and by that I mean a woman different from his wife"
high degree of non-detachability
"John
tried
to open the window" ~ "John
attempted
to open the window" ~ "John
endeavoured
to open the window"
cancelability
"Mr. X has good handwriting, by which I don't mean to imply that he is a bad philosopher"
...?
conventionally
(part of word- or sentence-meaning;
implicature present in every context)
lexically generated
"Jill is English and
therefore
brave"
"Jill is a philosopher,
but
she is rich"
syntactically generated
"Ravel,
a Spaniard
, composed music reminiscent of Spain"
what is said
(conventional meaning
of an uttered sentence)