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Emphysema (Causes/Risk Factors # (Aging (Loss of alveoli, Increase in…

- - - - 1 year 82.9%
      - 5 year 59.6%
    - - No smoking for >6 months
      - Pulmonary hypertension or cor pulmonale
      - Ventilatory failure (hypercapnia, CO2 partial pressure >50 mm Hg)
      - Progressive reduction of physical capacity
- - - - ↓ Pulmonary capillary bed
        
        ↓ Gas exchange
      - ↓ Radial traction that holds airways open
        
        ↑ Pressure outside the lumen
        
        ↓ Airflow
        
        ↑ Airway resistance
    - - ↓ Size of smaller bronchioles
    - - Distends air sacs
      - ↑ Collapsing pressure on proximal bronchi