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Mount Pinatubo :explode: (When (15th March: earthquakes were felt by…
Mount Pinatubo :explode:
Effects
Environmental
Primary
Ash cloud covered 125,000km2 bringing darkness to central Luzon and may have caused respiratory problems or suffocated people
Volcanic ash smothered 80,000 hectares of land, possibly blocking many roads and halting transport
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Secondary
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Acid rain due to the 22 million tonnes of SO2 erupted which may have destroyed crops, affecting people's livelihoods. It may have also injured many.
Farmland destroyed by falling ash and pumice, unusable for years, the 1991 harvest was destroyed
When
15th March: earthquakes were felt by villagers on the North western side of the volcano. The earthquakes increased in intensity over the next 2 weeks
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15th June: Ash was ejected 34km into the atmosphere. Pyroclastic flows travelled up to 16km and ash mixed with rain from Typhoon Yunya creating lahars (mudflows). The eruption lasted for 3 hours.
Where?
On the Island of Luzon on the Philipines in South East Asia. The volcano, Mount Pinabuto is located at the plate boundary between the Eurasian and the Philipine Plate.
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Effects
Economic
Primary
800km2 agricultural land destroyed and 800,000 livestock and poultry killed costing 1.5 billion pesos, they rely on subsistence and so, they starved to death
Houses and bridges were destroyed and needed replacing and Manila airport had to be closed, reducing the number of tourists and therefore, income
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Effects
Social
Secondary
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Many indigenous Aeta people had to move into government organised resettlement areas because their homes were destroyed. This caused the Atea society to become fragmented
Primary
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Ash and pummice destroyed 42,000 homes
1.2 million people lost their homes and had to migrate to shanty town in Manila where their living conditions were lowered
650,000 workers lost jobs
Electricity went off, water was contaminated, road links were destroyed, and telephone links were cut
58,000 people had to be evacuated from a 30km radius of the volcano
It caused catastrophic effects for the people of the Philippines and the USA air force at Clarke airbase
Immediate Responses
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Red Cross, Action aid and Oxfam provided food and blankets in evacuation camps
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How did the volcano form
Located on destructive plate boundaries so the Oceanic Philippine Plate was subducted underneath the lighter Continental Eurasian Plate.
The volcano is slightly offset from the plate boundary, because when the Oceanic plate is subducted, it results in it being melted and forced away as molten magma by the high pressure exerted on it.
So finally, the molten magma pushed up through the small cracks and exploded as a volcano
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