Chapter 2 : E-Business Technology Basics

Packet-Switched Network

Local area network (LAN)
-Network of computers located close together

Wide area networks (WANs)
-Networks of computers connected over greater distances

Circuit
-Combination of telephone lines and closed switches connecting them to each other

Circuit switching
-Centrally controlled, single-connection model
-Works well for telephone calls

Public and Private Networks

Public network
-Public availability

Private network
-Private, leased-line connection
-Physically connects intranets to one another

Leased line
-Permanent telephone connection between two points


Routing Packets

Routing algorithms
-Programs on routing computers

Routers connect networks
-Translate packets into standard format
-Internet backbone consists of backbone routers and telecommunication lines

Routing computers
-Decide how best to forward each packet

IP Addressing

Base 2 (binary) number system

Dotted decimal notation

IP address

Byte (8-bit number)/ octet

Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4)

Subnetting

Private IP addresses

Network Address Translation (NAT) device

Electronic Mail Protocol

E-mail server

E-mail client software

Electronic mail (e-mail)

Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)

Interactive Mail Access Protocol (IMAP)

Web Page Request and Delivery Protocols

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
-Internet Web page file delivery rules

Web page request using Web browser
-User types protocol name
-Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

Client/server architecture
-Combination: client computers, server computers

Web client computers
-Web client software (Web browser software)

Markup Languages and the Web

Text Markup Language

HTML

Markup tags (tags)

Extension Markup Language (XML)

World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML)

Graphical Interfaces for Hypertext

Graphical user interface (GUI)

Web browser

HTML document

Connectivity Overview

Symmetric connections-Provide same bandwidth in both directions

Asymmetric connections

Net bandwidth -Actual speed information travels

Upstream bandwidth (upload bandwidth)

Downstream bandwidth (download, downlink bandwidth)

Plain old telephone service (POTS) - Uses existing telephone lines, analog modem

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) protocol

Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)

Wireless Connections

Wireless Ethernet (Wi-Fi)

Mobile telephone networks

Ultra Wideband (UWB)

Bluetooth