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Chapter 45: Hormones and Endocrine System (45.1: Endocrine system +…
Chapter 45: Hormones and Endocrine System
45.1: Endocrine system + nervous system act individually and together in regulating an animal's physiology
2 internal communication and regulation systems
endocrine system
longer-acting responses to stimuli
like:
dehydration
low blood glucose
stress
long-term responses
development
informs diff body parts how fast to grow
hormones:
chemical signal that secreted into circulatory system
hormone secreting organs
glands: that secrete hormones into extracellular fluid
nervous system
cells: neurons
control movement of body parts
high-speed electrical signals
Overlap
neurosecretory cells
made in: hypothalamus
nerve cells that release hormones into blood
neurohormones
epinephrine: (adrenaline) flight or fight
hormone
neurotransmitter
nervous system can control certain sustained responses
sleep cycle
#
reproductive cycles
increasing or decreasing secretion from endocrine glands
Control Pathways + Feedback Loops
Control: receptor--detects stimulus--sends to control center--sends a signal
4 of them
Simple endocrine pathway
stimulus
endocrine cell
secretes hormone
1 more item...
Complex neuroendocrine
stimulus
hypothalamus
secretes hormones
1 more item...
Simple neurohormone
stimulus
hypothalamus
secretes hormone
1 more item...
Simple neuroendocrine
stimulus
hypothalamus
secretes hormones
1 more item...
Feedback
Negative
def : effector response reduces initial stimulus and responses ceased
prevents overreaction and wild fluctuations
maintains homeostasis
Positive
reinforces stimulus and leads to greater response
release of milk
45.2: Hormones and other chemicals signals bind to target cells receptors, initiating pathways that culminate in specific cell responses
3 major classes of molecules that function as hormones (in vertebrates)
Proteins and peptides:
polypeptides containing up to 30 amino acids
water soluable
