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Does Orientalism in the Middle East restrict itself to Islam? (What is…

- - - - then
        
        Orientalism as a style of thought based upon distinctions made between “the Orient” and “the Occident”
        
        finally
        
        “a Western style for dominating, restructuring, and having authority over the Orient." #
  - - - How does this transition occur? #
- - - - For the colonial ruling
        
        enlightened colonialism's third aspect: the colonizing nation must develop a justifying rationale (Islamaphobia loc 558)
      - 0: Destroying Islam
        
        fictional stories of Muhammad as a magician for political purposes (loc 357)
      - 2: Preventing Islamic rise
        
        need I say more?
- - - - Herodotus is attempting to close that branch and come up with knowledge on the subject; he is defining the Orient for the first time. He, however, ignores the traditions that had created the Egypt, and simply goes with the comparative.
        
        The only real attempt at understanding their culture is a comparison to the gods, which sets up the problem for number 1. #
  - - - What Herodotus is constructing is not facts but knowledge, a set of understandings that will be used later on in life, so.
      - that sets limits upon and yet produces what one person is able to think or say or do in a given situation. It is what makes you think or produces what you say or think. It uses you as much as you use it.
      - Discourse is about the use of knowledge and ideas, including their influence on people, as much as the actual content or meaning of such ideas.
- - - - They noted that no one in the 16th centruy can say without a doubt that He was a liar
        
        Nec puto apud te apud te integerrimum, ac summa aequitate visum ideo munus autoritati habituras, quod mendaces in historiaa nostris habeantur, atq; ita, ut propter Herodotum, vel ipsa Graecia virtutum omnium parens, it alumnia disciplinarum mendax a nonullis dicitur. Quando id errore potius factum, cum quod ita fit, cum accurate musas ipsas perlegeris, facile cognosces. Nam quoties indignum quid creditu scribit Herodotus, se feré semper excusat.
        
        Started with ethical: Erasmus believed that we know something instead of nothing
        
        Some thought he was truthful
        
        “
        Narrationes sunt disertae: iudicationes expressae&speciosae: Explicationes accuratae&evidentes: Collectiones
        certae atque plenae in his rerum gestarum, hominum, temporum fides. Accurata compertorum relatio, dubiorum coniectura fagax
        .“ HERODOTUS (ed. 1541),
        Prooemium
        .
      - Maybe- Estienne appealed to readers to develop their own view of Herodotus rather than accepting those of others
        
        such a pious man could never be a liar
    - - He really did love to read.
- - - - MOST IMPORTANT- when Napolean comes, he seeks to bring back the great civilization of Egypt, not for the egyptians but for the many europeans who were brought up by the stories of a byzantine land.
        
        They do not see the oriental land for what it is, but what it ought to be.
  - - - Put they could keep their kings
        
        Taxes werent high
        
        Had an incredible idea of mail
        
        Was against religions
        
        Zoroastrians was against slavery
      - Equality is a good thing. Evidence for this is the fact that while they were under tyrannical
        rulers, the Athenians were no better in war than any of their neighbors, yet once they got
        rid of their tyrants, they were by far the best of all. This, then, shows that while they were
        oppressed, they were, as men working for a master, cowardly, but when they were freed,
        each one was eager to achieve for himself.