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Three Chinese Philosophies (Confucianism (What I think and feel about (The…
Three Chinese Philosophies
Confucianism
What I think and feel about
The GOOD
Advanced society/culture
Better relationships
The BAD
Before, fighting
Connections to my life
Family and relatives have rules
Ex: If ignored, yelled at
Ex: If listened, only did what was asked
Founder Background
Confucius
Famous Philosopher in Chinese History
Lived from 551 to 479 B.C.E
Born in Lu in Eastern China
Deeply respected Chinese traditions
Disorder from Lords fighting
Own state got invaded
Society/government needed to change
Rulers needed to govern wisely
Teachings
Based on Kongfuzi
If people act proper, society work well
Upon roles and relationships
Respect those above
Those above, set an example
All should be kind, honest,etc.
Five Basic Relationships
Ruler/Subject
Husband/Wife
Father/Son
Older/Younger Siblings
Friend/Friend
Influence
Teachings of Confucius spread
Had practical impact on Han dynasty
Servants were hired by ability
Expected to know Chinese classics
Proper behavior
Had to take exams
Major influence
Legalism
What I think and feel about
The GOOD
Laws/Rules
Laws create peace/order
Peace makes people happy
Happy people make happy society
The BAD
Getting caught
Getting in trouble
Harsh punishments
Possible embarrassment
Fines
Jail
Possible death
Founder Background
Hanfeizi
Lived from 280 to 233 B.C.E
Prince of royal family
Lived in Han
Saw Warring States of Period
Concerned creating peace and order
Thought Confucian teachings not right
Ideas in book named Hanfeizi
Teachings
Based on natural selfishness
Pursue self-interest
Could not be relied upon good influence on each other
Not enough for rulers to set good example
Establish strict laws
Enforce with rewards for good behavior
Punish bad behavior
Servants are watched carefully
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Rulers overthrown
Rulers must have absolute power
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Influence
Immediate influence
End of Waring Sates period, Qin dynasty gained control
Read/admired Hanfeizi's work
Wanted strong government
Wanted well-organized society
Adopted Legalist ideas
Forbidden to criticize
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Connections to my life
Strict rules
Punishments and rewards
If good, rewarded
If bad, punished
Family and relatives
School and friends
Daoism
What I think and feel about
The GOOD
Living naturally
Simple lives
More happy and peaceful
Few rules
Founder Background
Laozi
Author of Dao De Jing
Possibly written by many writers
Stories of Laozi lead to Dao De Jing
Lived in late 500s B.C.E
Tired of government work
Left China
Met a guard
Guard was sad that Lazoi's wisdom would be lost
Asked Laozi to record thoughts
Wrote the Dao De Jing
Preached simple/natural way of living
Teachings
Based on Dao
Force that gave order to universe
People became happy and peaceful, living in harmony.
Nature contains opposites
Life and Death
Light and Death
Yin and Yang
Live simple lives with meditation
Nature contains nothing complex
Humans should not be complex
Humans should accept who they are
Humans must discover the Dao
The best rulers rule the least
Influence
Encouraged rulers to rule nicer
Important influence was on Chinese thought, writing, and art
Developed into a religion
Background: What was happening in China that inspired these new "schools of thought."
Warning States of Period
Happened during Zhou dynasty
Mandate of Heaven
Power/law believed to be granted by a god
Feudalism
System of government based on landowners/tenants
Zhou overthrew Shang
Established rule
Claimed to be given Mandate of Heaven
Right to rule China
According to belief, Heaven was a power controlled by human destiny
If king govern well, Heaven gave right to rule
If king govern badly, Heaven sent displeasure
Ex: Earthquakes and floods
If king lost Heaven's support, citizens had right to overthrow