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Ecology of the Mass Media (Influence of Mass Media (Cognitive Development…
Ecology of the Mass Media
Influences on Mass Media
Chronosystem
Availability of mass media is increasing with increase in technology.
Media portrays different family situations and life situations.
Macrosystem
Legal license and restrictions on media because airways are considered "public".
Mass media aims content at the broadest spectrum of viewers in order to gain the attention of the largest number of consumers for the products advertised on their programs..
Result: media needs to produce "mass culture" geared to popular or majority tastes.
Affects on culture
Rise of junior brands of adult brands.
Defining Mass Media
Shapers: mass media affects us some way (ex: products).
Spreaders: they extend our capacity as human beings to process info. and transform us (ex: enhance our ability to multitask).
Transformers: new media creates new environments as well as new ways of looking at existing environments.
Influence of Mass Media
Theories regarding screen media influence children
Cultivation Theory: media content affects viewers' beliefs about the world and consequently alters their behavior. The more time one is exposed to violent, the more likely that individual will engage in violent acts.
Motivation Theory: impact of media depends on how media are used. and the individual abilities and characteristics of the user.
Displacement Theory: Displacement of important developmental activities such as play, hobbies, games, sleep, study, and especially conversations with family and friends.
Social Cognitive Theory: media contributes to children's learning by enabling them to observe role models behave on screen. (Those with prestige).
Socioemotional Development and Relationships
"Establishing and maintaining relationships with others. "
TV affects interpersonal relationships, especially family interactions and shared time.
If children have few experiences listening to others, responding to them, negotiating, and compromising, their socioemotional development will be negatively affected.
Physical Development and Health
Obesity: heavy media consumption and obesity; ads for foods that are calorie rich.
Substance Use and Abuse:Subtle advertising
Psychological Development and Behavior
Perception: Individual's perception of reality. Variation in perceptions based on individual personalities.
Children make factual judgement based on primarily based on genre, which in turn depends on formal production features.
Emotions about Aggression and Violence: Children who watch more violence are more prone to aggressive behavior.
Attitudes and Motives: Attributions, rules, explanations learned from observed behavior on TV.
Attitudes about Aggression and Motives to Behave Aggressively: Desensitizaion- the gradual reduction in response to a stimulus after repeated exposure, is used in behavior therapy to overcome fears. :star:
Cognitive Development and Achievement
Advertising on the Screen
Children under 8 do not understand the persuasive intent of advertising and are more vulnerable to its appeals. Over 8 fall for subtle advertising.
Advertising sells sexual desire associated with their product.
Broadcast TV, Diversity, and Stereotyping
An oversimplified representation of members of a particular group. :star:
Effect of Screen Media Viewing on Children's Reading and Communication Skills
TV= general decline in reading levels and scores on standardized achievement tests.
Effect on TV/Video Viewing on Academic Achievement
Depends on age, program content, and whether there is an adult present to coview and comment on programming.
Cognitive Impact of "Educational" Videos on Infants and Toddlers.
Infants learn very little watching educational DVD's.
Devices and Games
Increase in media use in children by 8 hours, mostly computer and video games.
increasing self-efficacy because children are learning how to independently use media.
Electronic play may serve as a distraction from the developmental task of developing a sense of self, which involves recognizing that they are separate beings.
Main concern: interactive games show a prevalence of aggression, sex, and gender-role stereotyping, as well as the rule-bound logic designed by the programmers.
Socialization Outcomes of Screen Media
Selective Attention: Choosing stimuli from one's environment to notice, observe, and consider. :star:
Influence of Adult Coviewing: Parents can mediate the amount and level of attention given to TV by their children by being the primary socializers in their children's frames of reference.
Adults can develop strategies to mediate children's television viewing according to their values and their children's cognitive developmental level.
Controlling the number of hours of television exposure.
Checking ratings and evaluating what kinds of programs may be viewed.
Viewing television with their children and discussing the programs.
Arranging family activities other than television viewing.
Dangers of Technology
Two questions: 1. Does the use of various technologies invite or impede the constant companionship of the holy ghost? Does the time you spend you use technology enlarge or restrict your capacity to serve and love in meaningful ways.
Pornography: 12 step program.