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Three Chinese Philosophies by Joshua Aguirre (Legalism (Founder Background…
Three Chinese Philosophies by Joshua Aguirre
Background : What was happening in China that inspired these new "schools of thought."
Warring states period
Was a 250 years of disorder to china
Beginning of Warring States.
Started in 700's B.C.E
Feudalism breaking down
Lords become as powerful as king
Wars
Small states grouped up
Became more stronger
Effect
Caused many people to wonder new ways of ruling
Made "100 schools of thought "
Basically philosophies
Three most popular emerged
Daoism
Confucianism
Legalism
Mandate of Heaven
Divine Right to Rule
Zhou Dynasty
Overthrew Shang
Zhou first to establish rule.
To justify rule, claimed Mandate
Belief
Heavens a power controlling destiny
King son of heaven
King's Rule
If ruled well, Heaven gave him right to rule
If ruled bad, Heaven shows signs of displeasure
Signs such as earthquakes and floods
If heaven stopped supporting, others could overthrow
Feudalism
System of relationships
Lords and Kings
Loyal Supporters
Kings gave lords land
Lords gave kings soldiers
Lords and Peasents
Lords gave Proteticion to peasents
Peasents give lord crops to the lord
Legalism
What I think and feel about it
The Good
If theres a lot of strict rules people will not break them. This means no more criminals
The Bad
Many people will not feel happy with strict rules and will not create a happy society
Founder Background
Founder was Hanfezi
Life
lived from 280 to 233 B.C.E
lived to see warring period and Zhou Dynasty
prince of a royal family
has book name after him
Thoughts
very concerned with creating peace/society
didn't agree with Confucian teachings
Teachings
based on idea that people are selfish
Legalist
people always pursue their self interest
say not to rely eachother
rulers should have harsh rules
enforce good rewards and give punishments
Overthrown
rules always overthrown
to solve, Hanfeizi must have power over military
Rulers shouldn't trust others
Connections to my life
My school is somewhat legalist since it has a lot of strict rules (not saying its bad)
Influence
Qin Dynasty
end of warring sates period, seized control of china
rules admired hanfeizi's writings.
wanted a government and a society
to achieve goals the adopted legalist ideas
if people criticized government were punished
many people killed for disloyalty and other crimes
third major philosophy
Confucianism
What I think and feel about it
The GOOD
Its good that Laozi really did his best to have a peaceful society.
The BAD
Its bad that there aren't many talk of laws so many people will still do crimes.
Influence
attracted many students to spread his teachings
The Analects
collections of all Laozi's sayings
Civil Servants
person who works for goverment
traditionally son of nobles
Now Civil Servants need abilities
know proper behavior
had to take exams
Values
respect for elders
proper behavior
love of scholarship
Founder Background
Founder is Confucius
Childhood
Born in state of Lu
Experienced Disorder
722/481 B.C.E. State was invaded
Respects
Respected all Chinese Traditions
reverence for ancestors
honor given to scholars
Thoughts
Saw changes to society
wanted to teach men of good character become scholars
Rulers govern correctly
Teachings
Goal to have a just/peaceful society
Relationships
5 basic relationships
ruler to subject
husband to wife
father to son
older sibling to younger sibling
friend to friend
everyone must respect those higher
Those higher set good example
Connections to my life
Even though Confucianism had a high effect on Values most people don't follow them now for example proper behavior and love of scholarship...
Daoism
What I think and feel about it
The GOOD
Its good that people will get the chance to live happily and freely.
The BAD
Like confucianism, Daoism doesn't have many mention of rules/laws causing it to be able to overthrow easily.
Influence
encouraged to rule less harshly
more important on thought, writing and art.
Daoism developed popular religion,
Founder Background
founder is Laozi
Scholars
Some believe he was real
Some believe he was a legend
Do agree that Dao De Jing written over time by different writers
Dao De Jing
stories that Laozi worked as advisor
Stories of Laozi's life tell how he wrote Dao De Jing
Origin
when 90 years old, went to border
was tired of goverment
Guard noticed him asked him to record thoughts
Wrote only 5,000 characters
preached for a simple/natural way of living
Teachings
Dao
Means "they way"
was the force the gave power to universe
Daoism based on Dao
Opposite Forces
Yin
means shaded
Yang
means sunlit
True harmony came from balancing both forces
Daoist Beliefs
followed nature by living simple lives
accept anything comes their way
everyone must discover dao themselves
too much laws and rules got in the way of living
Connections to my life
Well currently, Most people have been ignoring these teachings and making many rules causing people not to live freely.