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Language and Identity I: Language and Ethnicity/Race (indexicality (social…
Language and Identity I: Language and Ethnicity/Race
indexicality
Definition: focus on conventional/stereotypical relationships between linguistic forms and social meanings
Understanding of linguistic practice: context-sensitive or context-creating
companion perspective on meaning: conventional or emergent
social indexicalities: given and created
It's how speakers and persons are positioned socially and situationally
Indexes point to aspects of the social world and point from socially situated vantage points
referential indexes can have a built-in social standpoint or stance of speakers as well as their relationships to other social actors. This is the so-called first-order indexicality
indexical field means the related meanings
according to Silverstein's principle the first-order indexes are subject to second-order indexicalization. This links them to social evaluation/stereotypes about the categories of people they index
Peirce's trichotomy
sign modalities: symbol, index and icon. According to the relationship between the sign ans what it stands for (its object)
Dynamic set of relationships that frame the production and interpretation of meaning
distinction between indexes and icons can be determined when particular signs are treated as fused with their objects
Indexes have a relationship of continguity (pointing/association) with what they stand for
Icons have relationships of formal (natural) similarity or resemblance. Icons are more fused with their objects than indexes
Second trichotomy
Concerned with the way the relationship between a sign-vehicle and its object is reflexively mediated by an interpretant
Dicentization
frames an interpretant as an index
Social and situated way for signs to acquire meaning
Iconization (rhematization)
functions to naturalize connections between language and the social world
frames the interpretant as an icon
presupposed the meanings as given, natural or transparent
A given sign may be interpreted by social actors as having a given relationship with a social type and by others as indexing social identities
Indeterminacy
the relationship between signs ans social meaning
ideological siting
Indexical associations are constructed within language. Ideological fields motivate social/evaluative meanings
Indexical associations are subject to ideological processes such as iconization