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Three Chinese Philosophies (Confucianism (Connections to my life (must…
Three Chinese Philosophies
Confucianism
Founder background
Confucius lived from about 551 to 479 B.C.E.
He was born in the small state of Lu, in eastern China
He personally experienced lords fight for power
society and government had to change, if peace and order were to exist
In particular, rulers needed to govern wisely
teach men of good character to serve society as honest and fair government officials
Between 722 and 481 B.C.E.
His own state was invaded many times
Teachings
goal of Confucianism was to achieve a just and peaceful society
society worked well when all people used standards of good behavior
All people must respect and obey those who are above them in status
should be kind, honest, wise, and faithful
Do not do to others what you would not want done to you
ruler and subject,
gives good example
ruler will help subject
subject will respect ruler
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have good behavior
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husband and wife
gives good example
helps lower stauts
respects the other
will try to help the higher status
father and son
father gives rules
gives son more respect
son must follow
helps father in a way
Influence
Confucianism is based on the teachings of Kongfuzi,
philosophy deeply influenced Chinese government and culture.
Must respect and give a good example
Elder gives good example
person below must follows example
Connections to my life
must follow dads rules
he gives me respect
dad has to be fair
gets more respect himself
What I think and feel about it
The BAD
follow rules
not a lot of respect to a lower status
The GOOD
more respect
a lot of people are honest
Background: What was happening in China that inspired these new "school of thoughts"
Warring States Period
Beginning
Feudalism breaking down
700s BCE
Chaos
250 years
Fighting among lord and kings
Eventually 6-7 states
Result
how to rule best
"100 Schools of Thought"
Philosophies
Most influential
Daoism
Legalism
Confucianism
Mandate of Heaven
Zhou Dynasty
Justified overthrowing the shang
A divine right to rule
Heaven chooses rules
Supports good rulers
Natural disasters for bad rulers
A sign that people can overthrow the ruler
Earthquakes, floods, etc.
Feudalism
Stability
Increased for a time
Breaking down by 700 BCE
Started the Warring States Period
System of relationships
Peasants
Gave crops
Had lord's protection
King
Most powerful
Makes the laws
Owns all land
Gives land to loyal supporters
Lords
Rule their own lands (states)
Give king soldier
Absolute power over farmers
Got more and more ambitious and powerful
Eventually rivaled the king
Daoism
Founder background
According to tradition, the great sage of Daoism was Laozi
Laozi was a real man who lived in the late 500s B.C.E.
Laozi’s life tell how he came to write the Dao De Jing
Laozi worked as an adviser to the Zhou court for many years
90 years old, he got tired of government work and decided to leave China
guard was upset that the great teacher’s wisdom would be lost to China
He asked Laozi to record his thoughts before leaving
Laozi sat down and wrote a small manuscript
Teachings
Daoism was based on the ancient Chinese idea of the Dao
was the force that gave order to the natural universe
taught that people gained happiness and peace by living in harmony, or agreement, with the way of nature
followed the way of nature by living simple lives of quiet meditation
nothing in nature strives for fame, power, or knowledge
accept whatever comes
nature is full of opposites, like life and death, or light and darkness
True harmony comes from balancing the opposite forces of nature
called yin and yang
Yin means shaded, and yang means sunlit.
human life is a whole made up of opposites
everyone must discover the Dao for themselves
too many laws and social rules conflict with the way of living naturally
the best rulers were those who ruled the least
It also tells rulers to be weak and let things alone
Connections to my life
We are told to care of nature
don't hurt the environment
respect plants
respect animals
To be quite
when were indoors
won't be annoying
is respectful to others
Influence
encouraged rulers to govern less harshly
more important influence was on Chinese thought, writing, and art
second great philosophy to come out of China’s time of trouble
What I think and feel about it
The GOOD
Not to many rules
Is more quite
More time outside
Is fun
The BAD
Too quite
no more fame or knowledge
legalism
What I think and feel about it
The GOOD
You get a reward if you are obedient
follow rules
The BAD
harsh
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When you don't follow rules was harsh
will be beaten
will be punish
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Connections to my life
If I'm good I could get treated nicely
Will make me stay at the level I am or higher
will get more respect
If I'm bad I will get yelled at
Will make me work harder
so I don't get yelled at
Influence
Qin dynasty seized control of China.
rulers wanted to build a strong central government and a well-organized society.
adopted strict Legalist ideas.
forbidden to criticize the government
Anyone caught doing so was severely punished
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people were put to death for disloyalty
Teachings
Those who followed Legalism believed that most people are naturally selfish.
pursue their own self-interest.
have a good influence on one another.
establish strict laws and enforce them,
either with rewards for good behavior or with harsh punishments for bad behavior.
Founder background
based on the teachings of Hanfeizi
Hanfeizi lived from 280 to 233 B.C.E.
Hanfeizi lived to see the end of the Warring States period and of the Zhou dynasty.
Like Confucius, Hanfeizi was very concerned with creating peace and order in society.